Origins of Life

Writing for a general readership, two world-class evolutionary biologists present a novel picture of evolution. Their idea is that evolution depends on changes in the information that is passed between generations, and that there have been a number of 'major transitions' in the way that information is stored and transmitted. These transitions include the appearance of the first replicating molecules - the origin of life itself; the origin of cells; reproduction by sexual means; the appearance of multicellular plants and animals; the emergence of cooperation and of animal societies; and the unique language ability of humans. The book describes these transitions, and how they came about.

In this volume, John Maynard Smith and Eors Szathmary propose that during evolution, there have been a number of major transitions in the way in which information is passed between generations. These include the appearance of the first replicating molecules, the emergence of co-operative animal societies, and the unique language ability of humans.

...the book is well written, stimulating, and full of information nuggets.

Autorentext

John Maynard Smith is Professor in the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Sussex. Eors Szathmary is Professor in the Collegium Bupapest.

Klappentext

Living organisms are astonishingly complex. And the more we know about them - their biochemistry, their anatomy, their behaviour - the more astonishing are the detailed adaptations that we discover. How could this complexity have arisen? Most of us are familiar with Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. The idea behind it being that, in nature, those individuals best able to survive and reproduce will transmit the characteristics that enabled them to do so to their offspring, leading to the evolution of traits beneficial to the organism. Although Darwin's idea is simple - perhaps because it is so simple - it is hard to believe that it is able to explain the complexity of the living world. We can breed cows that produce more milk compared with earlier generations, say, but we cannot breed pigs that fly, or horses that can talk: there would be no promising variants that we could select and breed from. Where, then, does the variation come from that has made possible the evolution of ever-increasing complexity in the wonderfully adapted organisms we see around us? In answering this central question, John Maynard Smith and Eors Szathmary present for a general readership a novel picture of evolution. Their basic idea is that evolution depends on changes in the information that is passed between generations, and that there have been a number of 'major transitions' in the way that information is stored and transmitted. These transitions include the appearance of the first replicating molecules - the origin of life itself; the origin of cells; reproduction by sexual means; the appearance of multicellular plants and animals; the emergence of cooperation and of animal societies; and the unique language ability of humans. Here, then, is an accessible account of contemporary biology on the grandest scale, from the birth of life to the origin of language. Containing many original ideas, and covering many of the most fundamental ideas in biology, this important and deeply interesting book will appeal both to readers with little prior knowledge of science and to biologists themselves.

Inhalt

• Preface
• Life and Information
• The major transitions
• From chemistry to heredity
• From the RNA world to the modern world
• From heredity to simple cells
• The origin of eukaryotic cells
• The origin of sex
• Genetic conflict
• Living together
• The evolution of many-celled organisms
• Animal societies
• From animal to human societies
• The origin of language
• Glossary
• Notes
• Further reading
• Index