This volume, occasioned by the centenary of the Fritz Haber Institute, formerly the Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, covers the institute's scientific and institutional history from its founding until the present. The institute was among the earliest established by the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, and its inauguration was one of the first steps in the development of Berlin-Dahlem into a center for scientific research. Its establishment was made possible by an endowment from Leopold Koppel, granted on the condition that Fritz Haber, well-known for his discovery of a method to synthesize ammonia from its elements, be made its director. The history of the institute has largely paralleled that of 20th-century Germany. It undertook controversial weapons research during World War I, followed by a "Golden Era" during the 1920s, in spite of financial hardships. Under the National Socialists it experienced a purge of its scientific staff and a diversion of its research into the service of the new regime, accompanied by a breakdown in its international relations. In the immediate aftermath of World War II it suffered crippling material losses, from which it recovered slowly in the post-war era. In 1953, shortly after taking the name of its founding director, the institute joined the fledgling Max Planck Society. During the 1950s and 60s, the institute supported diverse researches into the structure ofmatter and electron microscopy in a territorially insular and politically precarious West-Berlin. In subsequent decades, as both Berlin and the Max Planck Society underwent significant changes, the institute reorganized around a board of coequal scientific directors and a renewed focus on the investigation of elementary processes on surfaces and interfaces, topics of research that had been central to the work of Fritz Haber and the first "Golden Era" of the institute.

Autorentext

Jeremiah James and Thomas Steinhauser, Fritz Haber Institute of Max Planck Institute, Berlin, Germany; Dieter Hoffmann, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science and Humboldt University Berlin, Germany; Bretislav Friedrich, Fritz Haber Institute of Max Planck Institute and Technische Universitaet Berlin, Germany.

Inhalt

Prehistory-1918: covers what preceded the founding of the institute (and the KWG) and the founding itself; the first three years prior to WWI; and the WWI war research, including gas warfare. 2. 1918-1933: covers the "first golden era" of the institute when the institute was at the forefront of research in physical chemistry 3. 1933-1945: covers the Nazi era and WWII 4. 1945-1969: covers the aftermath of WWII and the "patchwork" institute 5. 1969-1987: from Heinz Gerischer to BESSY/Alex Bradshaw to Gerhard Ertl 6: 1987-present: the current era