This open access book examines the first modern diplomatic contact between Europe and East Asia: the 1517 Portuguese embassy to China. The experience did not end well, for in 1521, the Ming Court decided to cut off relations, and a battle broke out between the Guangdong and Portuguese fleets. This work seeks to explain why this happened. Making extensive use of both Chinese and Western archival sources, it proposes a new interpretationone that breaks with the traditional clash of civilizations viewpoint and focuses instead on the diversity of actors and the complex relationships between them.

This book is open access, which means that you have free and unlimited access Offers a new perspective on why early diplomacy between China and Europe faltered Makes deep, extensive use of both Chinese and Portuguese archival sources Focuses on the context of the Ming government and its relations with Southeast, Northeast, and Central Asia

Autorentext

James Masaki Fujitani is Assistant Professor of Transnational History at the University of Nottingham Ningbo. His research focuses on intercultural relations in sixteenth-century Asia, with particular focus on Japan, Korea, China, and Portugal.

Inhalt

1. Introduction.- 2. The Decline of the Secretariat.- 3. The Supreme Commander and Foreign Trade in Guangdong.- 4. The Foreign Trade Eunuch and False Embassies.- 5. The Minister of War and Tribute Policy.- 6. The Emperor's Personal Foreign Affairs.- 7. Portuguese Trade in Guangdong 1512-1521.- 8. A Pawn between Two Factions: The Embassy in Guangdong, 1517.- 9. Rites and War: The Debate over Tribute Policy at the Court, 1517-1519.- 10. In the Company of the Emperor in Nanjing, 1519-1520.- 11. At the Heavenly Court in Beijing, 1520.- 12. The 1521 Report on the Portuguese.- 13. The Rise of Yang Tinghe and the Fall of the Embassy, 1521.- 14. The Battle of Tamão.- 15. Conclusion.- 16. Appendix: Philological Notes.