This text records the Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held in Cambridge in 1995. It contains 35 articles by leading authorities and addresses the modelling of fracture from a variety of perspectives, ranging over mechanics, material science, physics, geophysics, and nonlinear dynamics. The most important single practical question that is addressed is that of scale. This is considered in relation to nonlinear material behaviour, micromechanics and statistical variations, and the interaction of these aspects. Certain parts of the subject have recently experienced significant advance, from one or other of the standpoints of physics, materials science or mechanics. This book is intended to contribute towards the wider dissemination of these advances and the development of a unified perspective. It will be useful to those active in research in fracture who wish to gain an overview of the subject, taking advantage of insights gained from the whole range of this expertise.

Inhalt

Preface. Scaling in Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics; Z.P. Bazant. Scaling Effects in The Fracture of Quasi-Brittle Materials and Structures; B.L. Karihaloo. Constraint Estimation for Edge Cracked Bend Bars; A.D. Karstensen, et al. Finite Element Analysis of a Bi-Material SENT Specimen under Elastic-Plastic Loading; N.P. O'Dowd, et al. Geometry and Size Effects in Ductile Fracture - FEM Studies and Theoretical Considerations; O. Kolednik, et al. Mechanism-Based Cell Models for Fracture in Ductile and Ductile/Brittle Regimes; C.F. Shih, et al. Effects of Size Scale on Fracture Processes in Engineering Materials; J.F. Knott. Closing in on the Crack Tip; J.W. Hutchinson. Relations Between Crack Growth Resistance and Fracture Process Parameters under Large Scale Yielding; V. Tvergaard. The Effect of Geometry and Size on the Growth of Ductile Fracture; B. Cotterell, et al. Interfacial Cracking in Thermomechanically Loaded Elastoplastic Bimaterials; K.P. Herrmann, T. Hauck. Conditions of Crack Arrest by Interfaces; J. Lemaitre. Dynamic Crack Growth in Inelastic Solids with Application to Adiabatic Shearbands; S. Nemat-Nasser. Dynamically Growing Shear Bands in Metal: A Study of Transient Temperature and Deformation Fields; A.J. Rosakis, et al. The Two-Dimensional Structure of Dynamic Boundary Layers and Shear Bands in Thermoviscoplastic Solids; G. Gioia, M. Ortiz. Earthquakes, Fracture, Complexity; D.L. Turcotte. Micro-Branching as an Instability in Dynamic Fracture; J. Fineberg, et al. Instabilities in Dynamic Fracture; J.S. Langer. Radial Crack Dynamics with Closure; L.I. Slepyan, J.P. Dempsey. Numerical Studies of Fast Crack Growth in Elastic-Plastic Solids; T. Siegmund, A. Needleman. Dynamic Crack Growth in Viscoplastic Materials; D. Gross, et al. Near-Tip Fields for Cracks in Materials with Strain Gradient Effects; Y. Huang, et al. Non-Linear Damage Evolution and Failure in Materials; W.A. Curtin, et al. Structure-Sensitive Properties of Materials; P.M. Duxbury, et al. The Statistics of Failure Probability in Heterogeneous Materials; P.L. Leath, N.-N. Chen. Computer Modelling of Disordered Plastic and Viscoelastic Systems; K. Kaski, et al. Kinetic Transitions in Ensembles of Defects (Microcracks) and Some Nonlinear Aspects of Fracture; O.B. Naimark. On Continued Void Growth in Ductile Metals Subjected to Cyclic Loadings; J. Devaux, et al. Phase Transitions in Fracture and Crystallization Processes; L.R. Botvina. Nonlinear Crack-Bridging Problems; L.R.F. Rose. Notch Strength of Ceramic Composites: Long Fibers, Stochastics, Short Fibers; B. Budiansky, J.C. Amazigo. Nonlinear Analysis of Interfacial Cracks; N.J.-J. Fang, J.L. Bassani. Matrix Cracking in Ceramic Matrix Composites with Creeping Fibers; B.N. Cox, et al. Fiber Fragmentation in a Single Filament Composite and the Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramics; S.L. Phoenix, et al. Predicting Non-Linear Behaviour in Multiple-Ply Cross-Ply Laminates Resulting from Micro-Cracking; L.N. McCartney. Appendix: The Scientific Programme.