This book uses a range of S&T and structural indicators to analyse the transfonnation process, in particular the transfonnation of science, technology and industry, in the fonner communist countries. The book originates from a sense of the tremendous need for quantitative indicators for assessing trends and perfonnance in the post-socialist economies. S&T systems in the region have passed through the first phase of rapid deterioration, or as it is called by some analysts 'implosion'. After ten years of transfonnation we are witnessing a process of increasing differentiation of these countries in tenns of general patterns of growth and structural change, as well as specific lines of restructuring in their S&T systems. The question of sources of growth - or indeed of stagnation - is an increasingly urgent one, from both the policy and academic perspectives. In that context there is a pressing need for in-depth assessment of restructuring patterns in science, technology and industry in the region, as a basis for understanding how restructuring in S&T is linked to industrial restructuring, and to general economic and social transfonnation. As the contributions to this volume show, there is now a critical mass of quantitative data across the post-socialist countries which deserves to be studied more thoroughly in a comparative manner. The changes of the last ten years have produced varying patterns of adjustment which are now clearly visible in S&T and structural indicators.

Zusammenfassung
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Moscow, Russia 23-25 October 1997

Inhalt
What can Quantitative Analysis of Trends in Science and Technology tell us about Patterns of Transformation and Growth in the Post-Socialist Countries?.- I - Technology, Growth and Structural Change.- A Global Perspective on Technology and Economic Performance, and the Implications for the Post-Socialist Countries.- Patterns of Structural Change in Manufacturing Industry in Central and Eastern Europe.- Technology and Industrial Restructuring in Central Europe.- II - Bibliometrics and the Changing Science Landscape.- Advanced Bibliometric Methods in the Analysis of Research Performance and Scientific Developments: A Contribution to Science Policy in Transition Countries.- The Structure of Disciplinary Comparative Advantage in Post-Communist Countries.- Bibliometric Analysis of S&T Policy in Bulgaria in the New Economic Conditions.- III - Transformation of R&D.- Transformation of R&D in the Post-Socialist Countries: Asset or Liability?.- Transformation of R&D in the Post-Socialist Countries: Patterns and Trends.- R&D Behaviour of Firms in Transition Economies: An Analysis of the Key Determinants.- The Transformation Role of FDI in R&D: Analysis Based on Material from a Databank.- Transformation of R&D in Russia: the Role of Government Priorities.- R&D in East and West Germany since Reunification.- IV - Technical Change and Innovation: Innovation Surveys.- Measuring Technological Innovation in Industry in European Union and Post-Socialist Countries.- Polish Innovation Surveys: Current Status and Analysis of Results.- Specificities of Innovation Activity in Russian Industry.- Innovation Activities in Open and Closed Economic Environments: The Case of the Yugoslav Metal-Processing, Chemicals and Textile Industries in 198791 and 199296.- V - Trade, Technology andStructural Change.- Trade, Technology and Structural Change in Post-Socialist Countries: an Introduction.- Technology and Structural Change in the Trade Patterns of the Former Centrally Planned Economies.- Transformation of Technology Patterns of Trade in the Post-Socialist Economies.- VI Measuring the Rate of Transformation of Technological and Human Resources in Russia.- Knowledge Flows in the S&T System.- Statistics on Information Technology in Russia.- Higher Education and the Labour Market in Russia: Trends in the Transition Period.