M. BENcovA Slovak Foundation Education in Immunogenetics Kopanice 25, 821 04 Bratislava Slovak Republic Short History of Slovakia After the end of the 5th century, the major part of Central Europe was dominated by Slavs (Slovaks). They had already in the 7th century settle ments in the vicinity of towns Bratislava, Devin, Nitra to create the Slovak's state formation with the name "The Empire of Sam", territory of which corresponded to that of Slovakia of present. The Empire of Sam was also the first state formation in the Central Europe (as present states Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia etc. ) Very important town of this state was Nitra, with the biggest Castle in the Central Europe with his Duke Pribina. The first Church of the Central Europe was built here in the year 830, and it is now considered to be the "Slovak Bethlehem". In the year 880, Nitra also became the first Office of Bishops. Later, the Slovak Duke Pribina and Moravian Duke Mojmir (Moravia corresponded to eastern part of the present Czech Republic) joined their formations to common state "Greate Moravian Empire". The strongest King of the Great Moravian Empire was Svatopluk (864 A. D. ), who spread his empire over Czech Republic, Hungary and part of Poland, Ukraine and eastern Germany of present, which at that time still did not exist as state formations.

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The objective underlying this book is educational, aiming to advance the development of immunogenetics/histocompatibility and to encourage the international collaboration that is so necessary for the international transplant programme and for research into the genetic predisposition to develop diseases associated with genes in the HLA complex. The revolution in high-tech molecular biological genome technology has given rise to a prodigious development of molecular techniques for the polymorphism analysis of HLA and the subsequent application of research results in clinical practice. Many new alleles have been discovered and different mechanisms have been shown to generate these new alleles. This has improved both diagnostic efficiency and increased the success of transplantation. Topics covered include HLA associated susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Strategies and efficiency of BMDW and benefit of collaboration. Optimum selection of unrelated bone marrow donor and extension of the pool of suitable donors by determination of possible mismatches. Identification of sibling pairs using microsatellites across the HLA region. HLA in kidney transplantation. Eurotransplant facts and figures. HLA typing from serology to molecular biology. Evolution of DNA based typing in HLA laboratories. HLA and paternity testing.

Inhalt
The Slovak Foundation: Education in Immunogenetics.- Accreditation in Europe.- Accreditation - A Personal View.- HLA Diversity of Alleles and Haplotypes. The Contribution of the 12th International Histocompatibility Workshop.- The Associated Polymorphism of HLA-DR2: Genotyping of DRB1, DRB5, DQB1 loci in Slovakia Caucasian Population.- Paternity TestingPast, Present, Future.- The Molecular Basis of the HLA Association in Celiac Disease. A Model Disease for Type 1 Diabetes and other HLA Associated Disease.- Immunogenetics of Graves' Disease An Overview.- Assessing Prognosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Monoclonal Antibodies and Flow Cytometry.- Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and HLA-DR-DQ Haplotypes Associated with Control of Disease Resistance.- Detection of the Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus in the Ticks and the Study of HLA Associations with the Tick Borne Encephalitis Onset.- Immunogenetic Prognosis for Susceptibility to the Stomach Cancer Onset.- Permissible Mismatches, Acceptable Mismatches and Tolerance: New Trends in Decision Making.- The Application of Cellular Tests in the Selection of Unrelated Donors for Bone Marrow Transplantation.- HLA Typing at the Molecular Level in the Process of Donor Selection for Bone Marrow Transplantation.- Bone Marrow Transplantation at Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto.- Transatlantic Bone Marrow Transplantation.- The Role of HLA-DR, DQ, DP Subregions Compatibility in the Induction of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Kidney Transplantation from Living Donor.- Microsatellite Testing of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in Human.- NCOI Polymorphism within the TNF? Promotor Region and the First Intron of TNFß Gene in Association with DRB1 Specificities in Healthy Volunteers.- HLA in Kidney Transplantation.- Factsand Figures of Eurotransplant.- Affect of Class I and Class II HLA Groups on Graft and Patient Survivals in Kidney Transplant Patients.- The First Kidney Transplantation in Slovakia.- HLA Class I and Class II Matched Donor Material for Improved Corneal Allograft Survival.- HLA Typing from Serology to Molecular Biology.- HLA-DP Epitope Typing Using Monoclonal Antibodies.- Evolution of Molecular HLA Typing.- Internet Application in the Histocompatibility Laboratory.- Author's Index.