History of Polyolefins

The word Polyethylene was probably first pronounced in a lecture which M. P. E. Berthelot delivered on April ,27, 1863 to the Chemical Society in Paris, reporting on the "polymerization" of various simple organic compounds (1). Much later this work appeared twice in the literature before the classical ICI breakthrough in the 1930's which is so colorfully described in Ballard's lecture. Once it came up at the end of the last century when H. von Pechmann obtained "a white flocculant material" from the decomposition of diazomethane which, one year later, was termed to be "polymethylene" - (CH ) - from E. Bamberger 2 and F. Tschiemer (1). At that time the investigators were disappointed about this product because it was not what they had expected to find in their experiments. As a result any further work was discontinued. The second time that the word polyethylene appeared in the literature to describe a "white solid powder" was in 1930 when C. S. Marvel and M. E. P. Friedericks (2) attempted to prepare alkylated As compounds in which all five valencies were covalently bonded to five monovalent-aTkyl groups. They reacted Tetra-ethyl-arsenium bromide with butyllithium and expected to get tetra ethyl butyl arsenium. Instead they obtained LiBr + AsEt3 + gaseous products. Delicate and somewhat time-consuming analysis gave a surprising result: ethane and C 's were there in the 4 expected quantities but ethylene was missing - or almost missing - in the gas mixture.

Zusammenfassung
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Inhalt

1. Introduction to History of Polyolefins.- 2. The Discovery of Polyethylene and Its Effect on the Evolution of Polymer Science.- 3. Research Work in High Pressure Polyethylene Synthesis at cdf Chimie.- 4. The History of the Crosslinking of Polyolefins.- 5. Early Polyolefin Synthesis with Ziegler Catalysis.- 6. History of Crystalline Polypropylene.- 7. An Overview of Polypropylene Resins.- 8. History of Helical Structures in Vinyl Polymers.- 9. Polyolefin Elastomers.- 10. Optically Active Polyolefins.- 11. Ethylene Copolymer Ionomers.- 12. Catalysis and the Polyethylene Revolution.- 13. The Development of High Activity Catalysts in ?-olefin Polymerization.- 14. The Role of MgCl2 on the Activity of Olefin Polymerization.- 15. Synthesis of Polyolefins with Homogeneous Ziegler-Natta Catalysts of High Activity.- 16. CNRS Contribution to the Phillips Catalysts.- 17. Controlled Rheology of PP Resins.- 18. Conclusions, Raymond B. Seymour..- Index..