This book is the second volume of a two-volume set summarizing 40 years of key research findings directly related to metal-resistant Cupriavidus / Ralstonia (Betaproteobacteria). In this second volume, the structural and catalytic data from bacterial primary and secondary transporters (P-ATPases, tripartite chemiosmotic cation/proton efflux systems, cation diffusion facilitators, Major Facilitator Superfamily and some minor categories) are outlined and detailed for the corresponding C. metallidurans proteins. The available three-dimensional structures are reviewed in detail, including RND and membrane fusion proteins (from tripartite chemiosmotic cation/proton efflux systems), sigma and anti-sigma regulatory proteins of the cnr efflux system (resistance to cobalt and nickel) and various periplasmic proteins mainly involved in the response to copper and mercury. In addition, the first volume sketches the historical and geographical context of these bacteria, which are mostly found in industrial and polluted environments linked to zinc and other non-ferrous metallurgy, to illustrate the interactions between bacteria and human activities and the possible evolutionary consequences on bacterial genomes especially as far as the association of metal resistance genes with mobile genetic elements is concerned. It provides a detailed description of the response and underlying genetic determinants of type strain Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 to a variety of metals. With high level resistance to cadmium, chromate, cobalt, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc mediated by well-known genes for detoxification carried by its megaplasmids pMOL28 and pMOL30. This description is complemented with the genomic context of the metal response genes in C. metallidurans CH34 with a focus on its mobilome including insertion sequence elements, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements and genomic islands.

A detailed overview of the diversity of metal resistance and homeostasis systems Details their general context related to mobile genetic elements and horizontal gene transfer Of interest to researchers who study microbial ecology in industrial and other metal rich environments Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Autorentext
Guy Vandenbussche, Laboratoire de Structure et Fonction des Membranes Biologiques, Centre de Biologie Structurale et de Bioinformatique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 206/02, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

Max Mergeay, Unit of Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium

Rob Van Houdt, Unit of Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.

Inhalt
Introduction.- Bacterial cation transporters and their representatives in Cupriavidus metallidurans.- Primary active transport.- Secondary active transport.- Structural efforts on C. metallidurans CH34 proteins involved in the response to meta lions.- HME-RND-driven systems.- Small periplasmic proteins.- Regulatory proteins.- Concluding remarks.- References.