This book offers a step-by-step introduction to an integrated theory of physical and biological evolution, from the early universe to the world we know today. To this end, the well-known laws of variation and selection are supplemented by a third law. This law describes the increase in complexity based on the transitions from quarks to hadrons, to atoms, to molecules, to bacteria, to eukaryotic cells, and so on. These insights revolutionize existing theoretical frameworks for analyzing organization in nature, accelerating developments in natural philosophy. In this way, the author develops a basic framework for thinking about evolution, which can be applied to current debates in various research fields. For example, the new approach finally helps to find the systems-based definitions of organism and life that have been sought for so long. By extrapolating the framework one can even hypothesize about future evolution and our place as humans in it. An exciting read for both philosophers and scientists.

Offers an integrating framework for natural philosophy Connects biological and physical evolution through novel theory, elaborating an extended evolutionary synthesis Analyses science from a philosophical perspective and looks at philosophy from a scientific perspective

Autorentext

Driven by a lifelong passion for evolution and complexity, and building on the work of authors such as Butler, Teilhard de Chardin, Putnam, Maturana and Valera, and others, Gerard Jagers became interested in the challenges involved in understanding the past, present and future of the universe. During his second Phd (in Philosophy) he developed the 'operator hierarchy', a modern, science-based version of the classical 'Scala Naturae' theorem. This theory provides a methodological basis for a hierarchical and causal categorization of different types of operators, linking the evolution of the abiotic world with that of the biotic world, and suggesting extrapolations beyond the current horizon of evolution into the emerging era of artificial intelligence and intelligent machines. His philosophical approach is relevant for and applicable in various research domains. For instance, this hierarchy offers an innovative solution to the current difficulties in attempting to define the concepts of'organism' and 'life'. Gerard Jagers received his Master's degree in Wageningen (1986, Cum Laude), his first PhD in Ecotoxicology (Wageningen, 1993) and, seventeen years later, his second PhD in Physics, Mathematics and Informatics (Nijmegen, 2010). He has worked as a senior quest scientist in ecotoxicology/modelling in Denmark (1997-1999) and from 2001-2017 as a team leader and senior scientist at Alterra (Wageningen University and Research). He has authored and/or co-authored more than 100 publications. He is the author/editor of four books: 'The operator hierarchy', 'The pursuit of complexity', 'Evolution and transitions in complexity' and 'ScienceBites'.

Inhalt

Part I INTRODUCING DUAL CLOSURE AND THE OPERATOR THEORY.- Chapter 1 Three dimensions for levels of organisation.- Chapter 2 The theorem of dual closure and how it leads to the operator hierarchy.- Chapter 3 Dual closures that cause physical operators.- Chapter 4 Dual closures that cause biological operators.- Chapter 5 Periodicity in the operator hierarchy.- Chapter 6 Elementary particles as the basis for the operator hierarchy.- Chapter 7 A top-level systemic naming of the organisation of nature.- Chapter 8 Renovating theory about levels of organisation.- Chapter 9 O-theory in the context of scientific activity.- Part II EVOLUTION EXTENDED.- Chapter 10 Defining the organism.- Chapter 11 Evolution and the emergence of complex organisms.- Chapter 12 Can the pattern of evolution be applied to non-biological things?.- Chapter 13 Predicting biological evolution.- Chapter 14 The most probable next step in the operator hierarchy.- Chapter 15 Predicting operators of the far future.- Chapter 16 Theoretical development of the term evolution.- Part III SCIENTIFIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL APPLICATIONS.- Chapter 17 A new approach to defining life.- Chapter 18 A fresh look at major evolutionary transitions.- Chapter 19 The fractal structure of knowledge.- Chapter 20 The time ribbon of the operator hierarchy.- Chapter 21 Thermodynamics and evolution.- Afterword.- Bios.- Publications about the O-theory.- Glossary inspired by the OT.- Index.- References.