Gels: Structures, Properties, and Functions

ItisagreatpleasureforustopresentacollectionofpapersreadattheToyoichiTanaka MemorialSymposiumonGelsheldon10-12September2008inTokyo. ProfessorToyoichi TanakaofMIThasdevelopedgelscienceafterthediscoveryofvolumephasetransition,but unfortunately he passed away so early in 2000. His friends and co-workers decided to organizeasymposiumcommemoratingthe30thanniversaryforthediscoveryofthevolume phasetransitionin1978. ThesymposiumwasheldinastyleofFaradayDiscussions. FullpaperswritteninJapanese weresentbeforehandtoalltheparticipants,anddiscussionswereactiveafterashort(5min) presentationofeachpaper. SinceJapaneselanguageisverydifferentfromEuropeanl- guages,weJapanesecouldspeakfreelywithoutanyhesitation. Althoughalltheparticipants are good at English as proved by their publication of many papers in English, yet the discussionofdelicatenuancescouldbedonebetterinJapanesethaninEnglish. Afterthesuccessfulsymposium,paperswritteninEnglishtakingintoaccountthedisc- sionsduringthesymposiumwerereviewedbyexpertscientists,andthepaperswererevised accordingly. We hope that this collection of papers is interesting and useful for all the scientistsandengineersworkingintheareaofgelsbothinacademiaandindustry. Finally, wethankallthecontributorsandreviewersfortheirenthusiasticefforts. Summer2009 MasayukiTokita KatsuyoshiNishinari v Contents StructureandFunctionalPropertiesofGels CompetitiveHydrogenBondsandCononsolvencyofPoly(N-isopropylacrylamide)s inMixedSolventsofWater/Methanol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 FumihikoTanaka,TsuyoshiKoga,andFranc oiseM. Winnik RheologicalPropertiesofSolutionsofaPolyampholyticBlockCopolymer. . . . . . . . . . 9 TomomitsuSekitani,KenjiUrayama,ManabuTsuruta,Masahiko Mitsuzuka,andToshikazuTakigawa Helix-CoilTransitionandAssociationBehaviorofWater-SolublePolypeptides HavingHydrophobicAlkylSideChains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 KatsuhiroInomata,TomokazuTakai,NoriyoshiOhno,YoshiakiYamaji, ErinaYamada,HidekiSugimoto,andEijiNakanishi EffectsofSurfactantsontheLinearRheologyofTelechelic AssociatingPolymers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 TsutomuIndei Time-DependentFlowPropertiesofTransientHydrogelswith TemporalNetworkJunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 IsamuKaneda,TsuyoshiKoga,andFumihikoTanaka StressGrowthinTransientPolymerNetworksunderStartup ShearFlow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 TsuyoshiKoga,FumihikoTanaka,andIsamuKaneda Self-assemblingStructuresandSol-GelTransitionofOptically ActiveandRacemic12-HydroxystearicAcidsinOrganicSolvents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 HiroyukiTakeno,TomomitsuMochizuki,KazutoYoshiba,ShingoKondo, andToshiakiDobashi TheGelPointandNetworkFormationinthePolymerisation ofanEpoxy-AmineSystemIncludingRingFormation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 YutakaTanaka,JohnL. Stanford,andRobert. F. T. Stepto TheEffectiveSurfaceRoughnessScalingoftheGelationSurface PatternFormation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 T. Mizoue,M. Tokita,H. Honjo,H. J. Barraza,andH. Katsuragi DiscontinuousGrowthofOnionStructureUnderShear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 ShujiFujii vii viii Contents StudyonSelf-AssemblyofTelechelicHydrophobicallyModi?ed Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)inWater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 TaisukeFujimoto,EmiYoshimoto,andMasahikoAnnaka SomeThoughtsontheDe?nitionofaGel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 KatsuyoshiNishinari SwellingofGels StructuralTransitionofNon-ionicPoly(acrylamide)Gel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Sada-atsuMukai,HirohisaMiki,VasylGaramus,Regine Willmeit,andMasayukiTokita

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Inhalt
Competitive Hydrogen Bonds and Cononsolvency of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)s in Mixed Solvents of Water/Methanol.- Rheological Properties of Solutions of a Polyampholytic Block Copolymer.- Helix-Coil Transition and Association Behavior of Water-Soluble Polypeptides Having Hydrophobic Alkyl Side Chains.- Effects of Surfactants on the Linear Rheology of Telechelic Associating Polymers.- Time-Dependent Flow Properties of Transient Hydrogels with Temporal Network Junctions.- Stress Growth in Transient Polymer Networks under Startup Shear Flow.- Self-assembling Structures and Sol-Gel Transition of Optically Active and Racemic 12-Hydroxystearic Acids in Organic Solvents.- The Gel Point and Network Formation in the Polymerisation of an Epoxy-Amine System Including Ring Formation.- The Effective Surface Roughness Scaling of the Gelation Surface Pattern Formation.- Discontinuous Growth of Onion Structure under Shear.- Study on Self-Assembly of Telechelic Hydrophobically Modified Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in Water.- Some Thoughts on The Definition of a Gel.- Structural Transition of Non-ionic Poly(acrylamide) Gel.- Swelling Equilibrium of a Gel in Binary Mixed Solvents.- Revisit to swelling kinetics of gels.- Effect of Residual Swelling Solvent on Nanopore Formation in Replication of Swollen Hydrogel Network.- Swelling Properties of Physically Cross-linked PVA Gels Prepared by a Cast-drying Method.- Influence of Heating Temperature on Cooking Curve of Rice.- Effects of Thickness and Curvature on the Adhesion Properties of Cylindrical Soft Materials by a Point Contact Method.- Electrophoresis of Dyes and Proteins in Poly(Acrylamide) Gel Containing Immobilized Bilayer Membranes.- An Application of Microcapsules Having Enzyme-degradable Gel Membrane to Cell Culture.- Development of a Novel Hydrogel to Prevent Bacterial Infectious Diseases.- Effect of Particles Alignment on Giant Reduction in Dynamic Modulus of Hydrogels Containing Needle-Shaped Magnetic Particles.- Molecular Diffusion in Polysaccharide Gel Systems as Observed by NMR.- Chain Release Behavior of Gellan Gels.- Gel Formation of Recombinant Fibrinogen Lacking ?C Termini.- Dynamic Light Scattering Study of Pig Vitreous Body.- The Relationship Between the Changes in Local Stiffness of Chicken Myofibril and the Tenderness of Muscle During Postmortem Aging.