The 1981Cargese Summer Institute on Fundamental Interactions was organized by the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (M. LEVY and J.-L. BASDEVANT), CERN (M. JACOB), the Universite Catholique de Louvain (D. SPEISER and J. WEYERS), and the Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven (R. GASTMANS), which, like in 1975, 1977 and 1979, had joined their efforts and worked in common. It was the 22nd Summer Institute held at Cargese and the 6th one organized by the two institutes of theoretical physics at Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve. This time, while the last school was dominated by the impres sive advances which were made in the field of perturbative quantum chromodynamics and its applications to high energy phenomena invol ving strongly interacting particles, the 1981 school clearly reflected a period of transition, where the new insights gained by experiment and theory are digested and put in order. Place of pride among the experiments belonged this time to DESY. On the theore tical side the reader will find a more thorough interpretation and understanding of the experiments as well as approaches to new theories. Finally several talks were devoted to experiments of the future. We owe many thanks to all those who have made this Summer Institute possible! Thanks are due to the Scientific Committee of NATO and its President for a generous grant and especially to the head of the Advanced Study Institute Program, Dr. R. Chabbal and his collabora tors for their constant help and encouragements.

Autorentext
Jean-Louis Basdevant is Professor and Chair of the Department of Physics at the Ecole Polytechnique, and Director of Research for the CNRS.

Inhalt
Functional Methods in Quantum Field Theory.- I. Introduction.- II. Path Integrals.- III. Feynman Diagrams.- IV. Fermions.- V. Ghosts.- References.- to Electro-Weak Interactions.- I. Introduction.- II. Gauge Invariance.- III. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking.- IV. The Standard Model.- V. Anomalies.- VI. Fermi Mass Matrix.- VII. CP.- VIII. Things to look for.- References.- The Weak Interactions in the Confining Phase.- References.- Heavy Quark Systems.- Electron-Positron Interactions at High Energies.- I. Introduction.- II. PETRA and PEP.- III. The structure of Leptons.- IV. Weak Neutral Current Contributions to Lepton Pair Production.- V. Search for new Particles.- VI. Jet Formation in e+e? annihilation.- VII. Quark and Gluon Fragmentation.- References.- e+e? Collisions at CESR.- I. CESR, CLEO and CUSB.- II. Upsilon bound state spectroscopy and tests of QCD.- III. B Meson Decays and Tests of the standard weak interaction.- References.- e+e? Physics at Very Large Energies.- O. Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Interference between electromagnetic and neutral weak currents.- III. Z° Decays.- IV. W+W? Production.- V. Higgs Bosons.- VI. Conclusions.- References.- Theoretical Aspects in Perturbative QCD.- I. Introduction.- II. The LLA and beyond.- III. The Photon Structure Functions.- IV. Prescription and Scale dependence for the running coupling.- V. Spacelike and Timelike Structure Functions beyond LLA.- VI. An Asymptotic Formula for Multiplicities.- VII. The Sudakov Form Factor of Partons.- VIII. Examples of Doubly Logarithmic Effects of Physical Interest.- References.- Dynamical Mass Generation For Quarks and Leptons.- I. Introduction.- II. Technicolour and its Extension.- III. ETC Issues, Answers and Problems.- IV. Alternatives to ETC ?.- V. Composite Quarks andLeptons.- References.- Quark Confinement and Lepton Liberation in an Anisotropic Space Time.- I. Introduction.- II. Is Hadron Dynamics 2-dimensional ?.- III. The Anisotropic Space-Time.- IV. The Anisotropic Yang-Mills Interactions.- V. Quantum Fluctuations and the Role of Chirality.- VI. Gauge Invariance Restored.- VII. The Structure of Strong Interactions.- References.- Physics at Collider Energies.- I. Introduction.- II. Hunting the Weak Vector Bosons.- III. The Dominant Hadron Processes.- IV. Jet Phenomena.- V. Conclusion.- References.- Proton Lifetime Experiments.- I. Theoretical Preamble.- II. The Experimental Problem.- III. Status of N Decay Studies.- IV. The Future.- V. Other Possibilities Offered by these Set-Ups.- VI. n $$\rm \bar{n}$$ Oscillations.- References.- Quantum Field Theory and Cosmology.- I. Introduction.- II. The Hot Big Bang Theory.- III. Entropy Generation.- IV. Quantum Gravity.- References.- The Confinement Phenomenon in Quantum Field Theory.- O. Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Scalar Field Theory.- III. Bose Condensation.- IV. Goldstone Particles.- V. Higgs Mechanism.- VI. Vortex Tubes.- VII. Dirac's Magnetic Monopoles.- VIII. Unitary Gauge.- IX. Phantom Solitons.- X. Non-Abelian Gauge Theory.- XI. Unitary Gauge.- XII. A Topological Object.- XIII. The Macroscopic Variables.- XIV. The Dirac Condition in the EM Charge Spectrum.- XV. Oblique Confinement.- XVI. Fermions out of Bosons and vice-versa.- XVII. Other Condensation Modes.- References.- Developments in Particle Physics.- I. The Fermion Family.- II. On Symmetry Breaking.- III. Neutrinos.- IV, Majorons.- V. Axions.- VI. The Future.