Frontiers in Modeling and Control of Breathing

The field of neural control of breathing has advanced rapidly in the past two decades, with the emergence of many new and promising research directions of increasing sophistication. The complexity and diversity of the current methodologies signify its remarkable vivacity, albeit at the price of much confusion. Captured in this book are the broad and intricate nature of the field and its multifaceted frontiers, including aspects of genetics, cell and molecular biology, comparative biology, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, imaging, human physiology in health and disease, and influence of environmental factors. Major topics include chemosensitivity, respiratory sensation, respiratory neurons, rhythmogenesis, plasticity, development, chemoreflex and exercise, respiratory instability and variability with behavioral and sleep states, etc., which are systematically laid out in the book for easy referencing.

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Preface. Acknowledgements. Oxford Conference: The Past, Present and Future. 1. Remembrance of Oxford' Conferences Past; B.J. Whipp. 2. Workshop on Modeling in the 21st Century. An Executive Summary; VIII Oxford Conference Panel on Biomedical Modeling. Central and Peripheral Chemoreceptors. 3. Central Respiratory Chemosensitivity: Cellular and Network Mechanisms; D. Ballantyne, P. Scheid. 4. Chemoreception and Tonic Drive in the Retrotrapezoid Nucleus (RTN) Region of the Awake Rat: Bicuculline and Muscimol Dialysis in the RTN; E.E. Nattie. 5. Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Enhances Carotid Body Chemoreceptor Response to Low Oxygen; Y. Peng, et al. 6. Neurotransmitter Release from the Rabbit Carotid Body: Differential Effects of Hypoxia on Substance P and Acetylcholine Release; D.-K. Kim, et al. 7. Muscarinic Receptors Influence Catecholarnine Release from the Cat Carotid Body during Hypoxia; H.-Y.J. Wang, R.S. Fitzgerald. 8. Pharmacological and Immunochemical Evidence of the Dopamine D3 Receptor in the Goat Carotid Body; Z.-Y. Wang, et al. 9. The Excitatory Effect of Nitric Oxide on Carotid Body Chemoreception is Blocked by Oligomycin; R. Iturriaga, M. Mosqueira. 10. CO2/HCO3-Modulates K+ and Ca2+ Current in Glomus Cells of the Carotid Body; J.L. Overholt, et al. +2 additional chapters 13. Role of Brainstem Respiratory Neuron Types in Phase-Switching Produced by Afferent Vagal Stimulation; MI. Cohen, et al. 14. Modulation of the Central Respiratory Effects of 5-HT by Vagal Afferents in Newborn Rat; J.-Ch. Glérant, et al.15. Activation of Medullary Post-Inspiratory Related Neurons during Clonidine-Induced Central Apnea in Anesthetized Goats; K.D. O'Halloran, et al. 16. Respiratory Control of Hypoglossal Motoneurons; J.H. Peever, J. Duffin. 17. Projections from Brainstern GABAergic Neurons to the Phrenic Nucleus; G. Song, M. Aoki. 18. Optical Recording of the Neuronal Activity in the Brainstem-Spinal Cord. Application of a Voltage-Sensitive Dye; Y. Okada, et al. 19. Interfacing Computer Models with Real Neurons: RespiratoryCyberneurons' Created with the Dynamic Clamp; Ch.G. Wilson, et al. Respiratory Rhythm and Pattern Generation. 20. Is the Vertebrate Respiratory Central Pattern Generator Conserved? Insights from In-Vitro and In-Vivo Amphibian Models; M.S. Hedrick, et al. 21. Unstable Breathing Rhythms and Quasiperiodicity in the Pre-Bötzinger Complex; Ch.A. Del Negro, et al. 22. Stationary Organotypic Culture of the Pre-Bötzinger Complex from the Newborn Rat; H. Rigatto, et al. 23. Respiratory Rhythm Generation: Pre-Bötzinger Neuron Discharge Patterns and Persistent Sodium Current; D.R. McCrimmon, et al. 24. Roles of the Bötzinger Complex in the Formation of Respiratory Rhythm; G. Song, et al. 25. Models of Neuronal Bursting Behavior: Implications for In-Vivo versus In-Vitro Respiratory Rhythmogenesis; I.A. Rybak, et al. 26. Neurogenesis of the Respiratory Pattern: Insights from Computational Modeling; I.A. Rybak, et al. 27. Reconfiguration of the Central Respiratory Network under Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions; S.P. Lieske, et al. 28. How Is the R