This is a short tract on the essentials of differential and symplectic geometry together with a basic introduction to several applications of this rich framework: analytical mechanics, the calculus of variations, conjugate points & Morse index, and other physical topics. A central feature is the systematic utilization of Lagrangian submanifolds and their Maslov-Hörmander generating functions. Following this line of thought, first introduced by Wlodemierz Tulczyjew, geometric solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations, Hamiltonian vector fields and canonical transformations are described by suitable Lagrangian submanifolds belonging to distinct well-defined symplectic structures. This unified point of view has been particularly fruitful in symplectic topology, which is the modern Hamiltonian environment for the calculus of variations, yielding sharp sufficient existence conditions. This line of investigation was initiated by Claude Viterbo in 1992; here, some primary consequences of this theory are exposed in Chapter 8: aspects of Poincaré's last geometric theorem and the Arnol'd conjecture are introduced. In Chapter 7 elements of the global asymptotic treatment of the highly oscillating integrals for the Schrödinger equation are discussed: as is well known, this eventually leads to the theory of Fourier Integral Operators. This short handbook is directed toward graduate students in Mathematics and Physics and to all those who desire a quick introduction to these beautiful subjects.

This book brings the reader from the basics of symplectic topology through several concepts and issues relative to Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, Hamilton-Jacobi equations, the calculus of variations, and Morse and Lusternik-Schnirelman theories. The book seems best suited to researchers and students from graduate level onwards. (Maria Letizia Bertotti, Mathematical Reviews, August, 2015)

Autorentext

Franco Cardin è Professore Emerito di Fisica Matematica all'Universita' degli Studi di Padova. Il suo interesse di ricerca spazia su diversi aspetti della Fisica Matematica: la teoria geometrica globale dell'equazione di Hamilton-Jacobi, correlate teorie variazionali in topologia simplettica, applicazioni in meccanica analitica e quantistica, questioni di riduzione finita esatta in teoria dei campi, teoria del trasporto ottimo e applicazioni biofisiche. È autore di 3 libri e 80 articoli su riviste scientifiche.

Inhalt
Beginning.- Notes on Differential Geometry.- Symplectic Manifolds.- Poisson brackets environment.- Cauchy Problem for H-J equations.- Calculus of Variations and Conjugate Points.- Asymptotic Theory of Oscillating Integrals.- Lusternik-Schnirelman and Morse.- Finite Exact Reductions.- Other instances.- Bibliography.