The correlations between physical systems provide significant information about their collective behaviour information that is used as a resource in many applications, e.g. communication protocols. However, when it comes to the exploitation of such correlations in the quantum world, identification of the associated 'resource' is extremely challenging and a matter of debate in the quantum community.

This dissertation describes three key results on the identification, detection, and quantification of quantum correlations. It starts with an extensive and accessible introduction to the mathematical and physical grounds for the various definitions of quantum correlations. It subsequently focusses on introducing a novel unified picture of quantum correlations by taking a modern resource-theoretic position. The results show that this novel concept plays a crucial role in the performance of collaborative quantum computations that is not captured by the standard textbook approaches. Further, this new perspective provides a deeper understanding of the quantum-classical boundary and paves the way towards establishing a resource theory of quantum computations.

Nominated as an outstanding Ph.D. thesis by the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Introduction covers a wide range of mathematical topics, e.g. convex geometry and entropy, in a language accessible and appealing to physicists The approach throughout combines mathematical rigour with intuition

Inhalt
Preliminaries.- The Resource Theory of Entanglement.- Generalized Quantum Correlations in Discrete Variable Systems.- Generalized Quantum Correlations in Continuous Variable Systems.- Conclusion and Outlook.