Autorentext

Ashish Kumar, PhD is a Scientist and Head of the Department of Biochemistry at the Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences. With over 45 publications in prestigious international and national journals, Dr. Kumar has made significant contributions to the field of life sciences. His interdisciplinary work spans human diseases, treatment strategies, environmental factors influencing disease development, heavy metal toxicity, and the synthesis of composite nanoparticles. Veer Singh, PhD is a Department of Health Research Young Scientist in the Department of Biochemistry at the Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences. He has more than 44 publications in international journals and conferences, covering topics including wastewater treatment, biomass characterization, and environmental toxicity. His research focuses on synthesizing and characterizing eco-friendly materials from biological waste, isolating heavy metal-resistant bacteria, and developing innovative adsorbents. Maulin P. Shah, PhD is the Deputy General Manager of the Industrial Wastewater Research Lab at Enviro Technology Ltd. With more than 200 publications and extensive experience in editing books, he leads research initiatives and supervises postgraduate students in life sciences. His research delves into bacterial genetic adaptation, mechanisms for managing toxic substances, and the application of microbial processes in waste treatment.

Klappentext

Equip yourself to navigate environmental health with this essential resource that integrates fundamentals with cutting-edge applications and research to provide a definitive guide on how chronic exposure to modern pollutants shapes human biological outcomes and regulatory policy. Environmental toxicology, as a field, has evolved significantly in response to the increasing awareness of how environmental contaminants affect human health. Historically, the focus was primarily on acute poisoning events and high-level exposures, but contemporary research emphasizes chronic low-level exposures and their subtle, yet significant, health effects. This book is a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationships between environmental contaminants and their effects on human health. It delves deeply into the various types of pollutants present in our environment and examines how these contaminants interact with biological systems. Through detailed discussions on exposure pathways, toxicokinetics, and the mechanisms by which environmental toxicants exert their effects, the book covers a broad spectrum of toxicants, including heavy metals, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, and emerging contaminants like nanomaterials and microplastics. The book also includes advanced discussions on the latest research methodologies and technologies in toxicology, such as omics technologies, in vitro and in vivo models, and computational toxicology. Additionally, it addresses the regulatory frameworks and policies that govern environmental health standards, offering insights into risk assessment and management practices. By combining comprehensive coverage of fundamental concepts with discussions of cutting-edge research and future directions, this book serves as an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the ongoing and future challenges of environmental toxicology and its implications for human health.

Inhalt

Preface xxv
Acknowledgement xxvii

1 Introduction to Environmental Toxicology and Human Health 1
Ridam Dhiman, Nancy Setia, Hargun Kaur, Harshika Joshi, Harish Chandra Joshi and Gaurav Pant

1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Sources of Environmental Toxins 6
1.3 Types of Pollutants 9
1.4 Environmental Exposure Pathways 9
1.5 Health Effects of Environmental Toxins 13
1.6 Current and Emerging Issues in Environmental Toxicology 16
1.7 Conclusion 19

2 Sources and Types of Environmental Contaminants 27
Priya Shukla, Pradeep Srivastava and Abha Mishra

2.1 Introduction 28
2.2 Emerging Contaminants and Associated Health Hazards 29
2.3 Hazardous Pollution Containing Colors and Dyes 33
2.4 Techniques for Detecting and Quantifying ECs 34
2.5 Technologies for Treatment 35
2.6 Conclusion 39

3 Air Pollution: Sources, Toxic Impacts, and Strategies for Reduction 45
Rajal Dave and Abhijeet Joshi

3.1 Introduction 46
3.2 Source of Pollution 48
3.3 Critical Air Pollutants and Their Impact on Human Health 51
3.4 Toxicology of Air Pollution 61
3.5 Risk Factors and Preventive Measures Associated with Health Damage Associated with Air Pollution 65
3.6 Indoor Air Pollution Prevention Control Strategies 66
3.7 Conclusion 69

4 Air Pollution: Health Impacts and Environmental Challenges 73
Ulfat Jan and Navida Akhter

4.1 Introduction 74
4.2 Toxicology of Air Pollution 75
4.3 Conclusions and Recommendations 79

5 Natural and Anthropogenic Source of Air Pollution, and Mechanism of Toxicity 81
Kaustav Dasgupta, Avik Banerjee and Shikha Kumari

5.1 Introduction 82
5.2 Overview of Sources 83
5.3 Global and Local Impacts 84
5.4 Types of Air Pollutants 86
5.5 Mechanisms of Impact on Human Health 91
5.6 Vulnerable Populations 100
5.7 Global Burden of Disease 103
5.8 Mitigation and Public Health Interventions 105
5.9 Conclusion 107

6 Recent Updates in Water Contaminants 113
Ananya Dave, Pratham Prasad and Shikha Kumari

6.1 Introduction 114
6.2 Overview of Water Contamination 114
6.3 Types of Water Contaminants 117
6.4 Health Risks Associated with Water Contaminants 121
6.5 Vulnerable Populations 126
6.6 Case Studies 128
6.7 Mitigation Strategies 131
6.8 Emerging Technologies 138
6.9 Conclusion 142

7 Sources of Water Contaminants: Toxic Impacts and Remediation Approaches 145
Harshvadan Patel

7.1 Introduction 146
7.2 Types of Water Contaminants 147
7.3 Sources of Water Contamination 152
7.4 Pathways of Exposure 155
7.5 Health Impacts of Water Contaminants 156
7.6 Mitigation Strategies 157
7.7 Conclusion 158

8 Soil Pollution: Sources of Pollution and Bioremediation Pollutants from Contaminated Soil 163
Pooja Dhiman, Anita Rani and Ranjna Chauhan

8.1 Introduction 164
8.2 Sources of Soil Pollution 165
8.3 Effect of Soil Pollution on the Health of Human Beings 169
8.4 Soil Pollutant Remediation Techniques 169
8.5 Decision of Appropriate Remediation Strategy 184
8.6 Conclusion 191

9 Hazardous Health Impacts of Soil Pollution 199
Sujata Rathi and Deepak Kumar

9.1 Introduction 200
9.2 Soil: A Natural Ecosystem 202
9.3 Soil and Human Health 203
9.4 Main Threats to Soil Health and Their Deleterious Impacts on Human Health 206
9.5 Strategies and Practices for Healthy Soil for Healthy Human 218
9.6 Acknowledgement 219

10 Heavy Metals Contamination: Exposure and Remediation Methods 229
Mamta Bisht, Manoj Shrivastava, Pooja L.R., Priyanka Meena and Shemeem Shah

10.1 Introduction 230
10.2 Exposure of Heavy Metals 231
10.3 Effect of Heavy Metals 234
10.4 Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Toxicity 242
10.5 Strategies for Managing Heavy Metal Toxicity 244
10.6 Conclusion 247

11 Toxicity of Heavy Metals 257
Priyanka Yadav, Diksha Singh, Shivani Mishra, Kusum Yadav, Ravi Yadav, Alok Das, Gyanendra Tripathi and Ashish

11.1 Introduction 257
11.2 Major Sources of the Heavy Metal Exposure 259
11.3 Common Heavy Metals Along with Their Toxicity 260
11.4 Health Effects of Heavy Metal Exposure 264
11.5 Conclusion 265

12 Silent Killers: The Impact of Heavy Metal Contamination on Human Health 267
Rajni Lasyal and Brijesh Chauhan

12.1 Introduction 268
12.2 Sources of Heavy Metal Contamination 269
12.3 Pathways of Exposure 275
12.4 Biological Impact on Human Health 278
12.5 Detection and Monitoring 283
12.6 Health Risk Assessment and Management 286
12.7 Global Perspectives and Futur…