The chapters presented here provide the reader with an awareness of the divergent views of what constitutes racism and frameworks for reducing it. This book points out that the dialogue and research on this subject since the mid-1970s have yielded increased contro versy over the theories, foundation, and continued existence of racism. Ironically, what we viewed in the 1954Brown decision and the Civil Rights Act of 1964as the beginning of the end of racism turned out to be the beginning of confusion over the course of action to ensure societal acceptance of political mandates. Hence, the title of this book captures the essence of the emotional core of any forum for examining racism, past and present. One of the most controversial forums has been that ofeducation, beginning with the D.S. Supreme Court's 1954ruling in Brown v. Board oi Education. Behind every event that has spawned controversy is a profile in courage. It was not a simple decision for the players in the scenario of the Brown v. Board oi Education case to step forward and present themselves as evidence of discrimination. Blackparents supported by black organizations viewed this legal action as a chance for equal opportunity. Yet, the 1950s were a time when black communities were pained by the thought that bigotry and institutional racism would forever stand in the way of their achieving equality.

Inhalt
1 Introduction.- I. Theoretical Controversies.- 2 Integration and Pluralism.- 3 The Future of Pluralism Revisited.- 4 Symbolic Racism.- 5 Group Conflict, Prejudice, and the Paradox of Contemporary Racial Attitudes.- II. Racism Toward Blacks: How Generalizable?.- 6 Racism in Black and White: A Bicultural Model of Reaction and Evolution.- 7 Racism toward Hispanics: The Culturally Monolithic Society.- 8 Seeking Convergence in Race Relations Research: Japanese-Americans and the Resurrection of the Internment.- 9 Stereotypical Images, American Indians, and Prejudice.- 10 Racism and Sexism: Comparisons and Conflicts.- III. Social Policy.- 11 School Desegregation: The Social Science Role.- 12 The 1954 Social Science Statement and School Desegregation: A Reply to Gerard.- 13 School Busing: A Time for Change.- 14 The Contribution of School Desegregation to Academic Achievement and Racial Integration.- 15 Desegregation, Jigsaw, and the Mexican-American Experience.- 16 Contact and Cooperation: When Do They Work?.- 17 The Future of Preferential Affirmative Action.- 18 Affirmative Action and the Legacy of Racial Injustice.- 19 Conclusion.- Author Index.