In the English edition, the chapter on the Geometry of Numbers has been enlarged to include the important findings of H. Lenstraj furthermore, tried and tested examples and exercises have been included. The translator, Prof. Charles Thomas, has solved the difficult problem of the German text into English in an admirable way. He deserves transferring our 'Unreserved praise and special thailks. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to Springer-Verlag, for their commitment to the publication of this English edition, and for the special care taken in its production. Vienna, March 1991 E. Hlawka J. SchoiBengeier R. Taschner Preface to the German Edition We have set ourselves two aims with the present book on number theory. On the one hand for a reader who has studied elementary number theory, and who has knowledge of analytic geometry, differential and integral calculus, together with the elements of complex variable theory, we wish to introduce basic results from the areas of the geometry of numbers, diophantine ap proximation, prime number theory, and the asymptotic calculation of number theoretic functions. However on the other hand for the student who has al ready studied analytic number theory, we also present results and principles of proof, which until now have barely if at all appeared in text books.

Autorentext
Rudolf Taschner is Professor of Mathematics at the Institute for Analysis and Scientific Computing, Technical University Vienna, Austria.

Klappentext

Based on lectures given by Professor Hlawka, this book covers diophantine approximation, uniform distribution of numbers, geometry of numbers and analytic numbers theory.

Inhalt

1. The Dirichlet Approximation Theorem.- Dirichlet approximation theorem Elementary number theory Pell equation Cantor series Irrationality of ?(2) and ?(3) multidimensional diophantine approximation Siegel's lemma Exercises on Chapter 1..- 2. The Kronecker Approximation Theorem.- Reduction modulo 1 Comments on Kronecker's theorem Linearly independent numbers Estermann's proof Uniform Distribution modulo 1 Weyl's criterion Fundamental equation of van der Corput Main theorem of uniform distribution theory Exercises on Chapter 2..- 3. Geometry of Numbers.- Lattices Lattice constants Figure lattices Fundamental region Minkowski's lattice point theorem Minkowski's linear form theorem Product theorem for homogeneous linear forms Applications to diophantine approximation Lagrange's theorem the lattice?(i) Sums of two squares Blichfeldt's theorem Minkowski's and Hlawka's theorem Rogers' proof Exercises on Chapter 3..- 4. Number Theoretic Functions.- Landau symbols Estimates of number theoretic functions Abel transformation Euler's sum formula Dirichlet divisor problem Gauss circle problem Square-free and k-free numbers Vinogradov's lemma Formal Dirichlet series Mangoldt's function Convergence of Dirichlet series Convergence abscissa Analytic continuation of the zeta- function Landau's theorem Exercises on Chapter 4..- 5. The Prime Number Theorem.- Elementary estimates Chebyshev's theorem Mertens' theorem Euler's proof of the infinity of prime numbers Tauberian theorem of Ingham and Newman Simplified version of the Wiener-Ikehara theorem Mertens' trick Prime number theorem The ?-function for number theory in ?(i) Hecke's prime number theorem for ?(i) Exercises on Chapter 5..- 6. Characters of Groups of Residues.- Structure of finite abelian groups The character group Dirichlet characters Dirichlet L-series Prime number theorem for arithmetic progressions Gauss sums Primitive characters Theorem of Pólya and Vinogradov Number of power residues Estimate of the smallest primitive root Quadratic reciprocity theorem Quadratic Gauss sums Sign of a Gauss sum Exercises on Chapter 6..- 7. The Algorithm of Lenstra, Lenstra and Lovász.- Addenda.- Solutions for the Exercises.- Index of Names.- Index of Terms.