There are incentive indications that the growth of human population, the increasing use and abuse of natural resources combined with climate changes (probably due to anthropic pollution, to some extent) exert a considerable stress on closed (or semi-enclosed) seas and lakes. In many regions of the world, marine and lacustrine hydrosystems are (or have been) the object of severe or fatal alterations, from changes in regional hydrological regimes and/or modifications of the quantity or the quality of water resources associated with (natural or man-made) land reclamation, deterioration of geochemical balances (increased salinity, oxygen's depletion .. . ), mutations of ecosystems (eutrophication, dramatic decrease in biological diversity ... ) to geological disturbances and to the socio-economic perturbations which have been - or may be in the near future - the consequences of them. Seas and lakes are dying all over the world and some may be regarded as already dead and there is an urgent need to try to understand how this is happening and identify the causes of the observed mutations, weighing the relative effects of climatic evolution and anthropic interferences. This book is the outcome of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, held in Liege in May 2003. The Workshop was organized at th the University of Liege as a follow on meeting to the 35 International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics, dedicated in 2003 to Dying and Dead Seas. The book contains the synthesis of the lectures given by 16 main speakers during the ARW.

Klappentext

This is the first comprehensive study of dead, dying and endangered lakes and seas all over the world. The book analyses the probable role of climatic and anthropic causes in past, present and future drastic bifurcations of lakes and seas on the basis of historical data, a vast amount of modern data obtained from extensive field surveys and remote sensing and extrapolations to the future with the help of sustainable development models and mitigation policies. The book will interest research workers specialized in the prospects of sustainable development and the causes, climatic or anthropic, of severe alterations of lakes and seas with drastic consequences for regional and worldwide water resources.

Inhalt

1. What do we know about dead, dying and endangered lakes and seas.- 2. Water management aspects of Amu Darya.- 3. Morphological changes in the Aral Sea Satellite imagery and water balance model.- 4. Aral Sea basin evolution: geodynamic aspect.- 5. The Aral Sea crisis.- 6. Hydrobiology of the Aral Sea.- 7. Main features of the Caspian Sea hydrology.- 8. Hydrobiology of the Caspian Sea.- 9. Contamination of the Caspian Sea. An overview on recent findings.- 10. 1000-year environmental history of Lake Issyk-Kul.- 11. The Dead Sea as a dying lake.- 12. The continued degradation of Lake Corangamite, Australia.- 13. Lake Chad: a changing environment.- 14. Genetic traces of environmental variations in ancient lakes.- 15. Hypoxia and the physics of the Louisiana Coastal Current.- List of participants.