Goals of the Book Overthelast thirty yearsthere has been arevolutionindiagnostic radiology as a result oftheemergenceofcomputerized tomography (CT), which is the process of obtaining the density distribution within the human body from multiple x-ray projections. Since an enormous variety of possible density values may occur in the body, a large number of projections are necessary to ensure the accurate reconstruction oftheir distribution. There are other situations in which we desire to reconstruct an object from its projections, but in which we know that the object to be recon structed has only a small number of possible values. For example, a large fraction of objects scanned in industrial CT (for the purpose of nonde structive testing or reverse engineering) are made of a single material and so the ideal reconstruction should contain only two values: zero for air and the value associated with the material composing the object. Similar as sumptions may even be made for some specific medical applications; for example, in angiography ofthe heart chambers the value is either zero (in dicating the absence of dye) or the value associated with the dye in the chamber. Another example arises in the electron microscopy of biological macromolecules, where we may assume that the object to be reconstructed is composed of ice, protein, and RNA. One can also apply electron mi croscopy to determine the presenceor absence ofatoms in crystallinestruc tures, which is again a two-valued situation.

Inhalt
Foundations.- Discrete Tomography: A Historical Overview.- Sets of Uniqueness and Additivity in Integer Lattices.- Tomographic Equivalence and Switching Operations.- Uniqueness and Complexity in Discrete Tomography.- Reconstruction of Plane Figures from Two Projections.- Reconstruction of Two-Valued Functions and Matrices.- Reconstruction of Connected Sets from Two Projections.- Algorithms.- Binary Tomography Using Gibbs Priors.- Probabilistic Modeling of Discrete Images.- Multiscale Bayesian Methods for Discrete Tomography.- An Algebraic Solution for Discrete Tomography.- Binary Steering of Nonbinary Iterative Algorithms.- Reconstruction of Binary Images via the EM Algorithm.- Compact Object Reconstruction.- Applications.- CT-Assisted Engineering and Manufacturing.- 3D Reconstruction from Sparse Radiographic Data.- Heart Chamber Reconstruction from Biplane Angiography.- Discrete Tomography in Electron Microscopy.- Tomography on the 3D-Torus and Crystals.- A Recursive Algorithm for Diffuse Planar Tomography.- From Orthogonal Projections to Symbolic Projections.