An Introduction that describes the origin of cytochrome notation also connects to the history of the field, focusing on research in England in the pre-World War II era. The start of the modern era of studies on structure-function of cytochromes and energy-transducing membrane proteins was marked by the 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given to J. Deisenhofer, H. Michel, and R. Huber for determination of the crystal structure of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center. An ab initio logic of presentation in the book discusses the evolution of cytochromes and hemes, followed by theoretical perspectives on electron transfer in proteins and specifically in cytochromes. There is an extensive description of the molecular structures of cytochromes and cytochrome complexes from eukaryotic and prokaryotic sources, bacterial, plant and animal. The presentation of atomic structure information has a major role in these discussions, and makes an important contribution to the broad field of membrane protein structure-function.

Encyclopedic discussion of multi-faceted functions in energy transduction, evolution, and signaling Perspective on a major group of integral membrane proteins Modern review of the cytochrome family extending over prokaryotes and eukaryotes Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Klappentext

Why study cytochrome complexes? An answer is in the subtitle of the book Evolution, Structures, Energy Transduction, and Signaling. Studies on the cytochrome family of proteins include and, influence, a wide range of theoretical and computational approaches, as well as a broad cross-section of experimental techniques. Studies of cytochromes and cytochrome complexes thus utilize an extraordinary range of experimental approaches, described in this volume, which include: computational biology, genetics, macromolecular biochemistry, molecular biology, the physics of charge transfer, structure analysis using x-ray and electron diffraction, and ultra-fast spectroscopy. This information and understanding exerts an influence on a wide spectrum of subjects in modern biology, including molecular evolution, mechanisms of membrane-based respiratory and photosynthetic energy transduction, theory of charge transfer in proteins, structure-function of large hetero-oligomeric membrane proteins, including lipid-protein interactions, and trans-membrane signaling. The book starts with a historical introduction that focuses on research in the first half of the 20th century, and the pre-World War II development in England of the field and its notation, proceeding to a discussion of the evolution of cytochromes and hemes, fundamentals of the theory of electron transfer in proteins, and an extensive description of molecular structures of cytochromes and of the cytochrome complexes. The latter information has had a major impact on the broad field of the structure-function of integral membrane proteins, the newest area of macromolecular structural biology. The book includes thorough discussions on cytochrome oxidase including the use of the new non-destructive femtosecond diffraction before destruction X-ray free electron laser for diffraction analysis, and major sections on signaling, super-complexes, state transitions, and the interaction of linear and cyclic electron transport chains. The extent of fundamental research areas included in this book makes it an important resource for the teaching of broad aspects of biological energy transduction to advanced undergraduate and graduate students with interests in biology, biochemistry, biological engineering, chemistry, and biophysics.

Inhalt
Preface.- I. Diversity and Evolution. 1. Keilin, Cytochrome and its Nomenclature; D.S. Bendall.- 2. When did Hemes enter the Scene of Life? On the Natural History of Heme Cofactors and Heme-Containing Enzymes; A.-L. Ducluzeau, W. Nitschke.- 3. The Diversity of Photosynthetic Cytochromes; E.L.W. Majumder, R.E. Blankenship.- 4. Evolution of Photosynthetic NDH-1: Structure and Physiological Function; T. Shikanai, E.-M. Aro.- II. Theoretical Aspects of Electron Transfer.- 5. Fundamentals of Electron Transfer in Proteins; L.I. Krishtalik.- 6. Theoretical Analysis of Electron Transfer in Proteins, from Simple Proteins to Complex Machineries; G.M. Ullmann et al.- III. Molecular Structures and Functions of Cytochrome Complexes.- A. Photosynthetic Reaction Centers and Linked Cytochromes.- 7. Higher Plant and Cyanobacterial Photosystem I: Connected Cytochrome Pathways; Y. Mazor, N. Nelson.- 8. Cytochrome b559 in Photosystem II; F. Müh, A. Zouni.- B. Structure-Function of Cytochrome bc1 and b6f Complexes. 9. Structure-Function of the Cytochrome b6f Lipoprotein Complex; W.A. Cramer, S. Saif Hasan.- 10. Structure-Function Studies of the Cytochrome bc1 Complex of Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Purple Bacteria; L. Esser et al.- 11. Rieske Iron-Sulfur Protein Movement and Conformational Changes in the Cytochrome bc1 b6f Complex; L. Huang, E. Berry.- 12. Structural Perspective of Ferredoxin NAD(P)H Reductase Reactions with Cytochrome b6f Complexes; G. Kurisu.- 13. Alternative Rieske Iron-Sulfur Subunits and Small Polypeptides of Cyantobacterial Cytochrome b6f Complexes; M. Rôgner et al.- 14. Inter-Monomer Electron Transfer in Cytochrome bc Complexes; M. Sarewicz et al.- 15. Haem ci or cn f Complex, a Short Retrospective; F. Zito, J. Alric.- C. Cytochrome Oxidases.- 16. Structure and Function of Bacterial Cytochrome c Oxidases; J.A. Lyons et al.- 17. The Respiratory Terminal Oxidases of Cyanobacteria; G. Schmetterer.- 18. XFEL Studies on Bovine Heart Cytochrome c Oxidase; S. Yoshikawa.- 19. Structure and Mechanism of Action of the Alternative Quinol Oxidases; L. Young et al.- IV. Superoxide Generation in Cytochrome bc Complexes.- 20. Mechanisms of Superoxide Generation and Signaling in Cytochrome bc Complexes; D. Baniulis et al.- 21. Electron Transfer Reactions at the Qo Site of the Cytochrome bc1 Complex: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly; N. Fisher et al.- V. Cytochrome Complexes, Signaling, and Regulation.- 22. Role of the Cytochrome b6f Complex in Regulating Electron Flow and the Dynamics of Photosynthesis; G. Finazzi etal.- 23. A Supercomplex of Cytochrome bf and Photosystem I for Cyclic Electron Flow; J. Minagawa.- 24. State Transition Kinases and Redox Signal Transduction in Chloroplasts; J.-D. Rochaix.- 25. Regulating Synthesis of Cytochromes; S. Zappa, C.E. Bauer.- VI. Assembly of Cytochrome Complexes and Super-Complexes.- 26. Co-Factor Assembly of Cytochrome bc1-b6f Complexes; P. Hamel.- 27. Biogenesis of Cytochrome c Complexes: From Insertion of Redox Cofactors to Assemtly of Different Subunits; B. Khalfaoui-Hassani et al.- 28. Assembly of Transmembrane b-type Cytochromes and Cytochrome Complexes; H.-G. Koch, D. Schneider.- 29. Respiratory Cytochrome Supercomplexes; G. Lenaz, M.L. Genova.- VII. Branched Pathways and Cryptic Cytochromes.- 30. The Interaction between Cytochrome f and Plastocyanin or Cytochrome c6; D.S. Bendall, C.J. Howe.- 31. Cytochrome c6 of Cyanobacteria and Algae: From the Structure to the Interaction; I. Díaz-Moreno et al.- 32. Electron Partitioning in Anoxic Phototrophic Bacteria; M.A. Spero et al.- 33. Cytochrome c6a of Chloroplasts; C.J. Howe et al.- 34. Cryptic c6-like Cytochromes and Cytochrome cm of Cyanobacteria; W. Bialek et al.- 35. Cytochromes and Electron Transfer Pathways of Cyanobacteria; T. Kallas.- Index.