typical mild "Sachsonian" humor and illustrated with a wealth of examples and evidence. I doubt whether any other of us ethnomusicologists would have been capable of writing such a comprehensive study: S~chs had at his fingertips a phenomenal amount of factual information. Sometimes, under his wise guidance, complicated propositions become surprisingly simple. The reader will be as fascinated as I was by the originality of some of his conelusions, captivated by his penetrating com parisons, and charmed by his rich and expressive language. After having lived with this book for aperiod of some months, I realize a1l themore what the death of Curt Sachs means to the musicological world. "The Wellsprings of Music" forms a worthy elose to that long series of publications his boundless energy and unsurpassed knowledge have given uso I feel greatly indebted to Dr. Eric Werner, New York, for his decisive encouragement towards the publication of this work and for the active interest he took in it. I want also to express my gratitude to the musicologist Miss Marijke Charbon, The Hague, for having made an Index of N ames and for some useful suggestions. Amsterdam, 15th February 1960 JAAP KUNST My dear friend Jaap Kunst did not live to see this book in print. I wish to express my deep gratitude to him, whose dedi cated help and unfailing and devoted interest made its publi cation possible.

Inhalt
One / Thoughts and Methods.- I. Preliminaries.- II. The advent of the ethnomusicologist.- III. The ethnomusicologist's workshop.- IV. The question of origin.- Two / Early Music.- V. The oldest music: tumbling strains.- VI. The oldest music: one-step melodies.- VII. Conservatism and magic.- VIII. Vocal mannerisms.- IX. Instruments.- X. Rhythm and form III.- Three / On the Way.- Growth, personality, art.- Four / The Fate of Secondal and Tertial Patterns.- The widening nucleus triadic and fanfare melodies tonal anatomy and physiology chains double, triple, quadruple, quintuple and sextuple thirds skeletons and infixes pentatonism and heptatonism German chorale dialect Landino third four-line notation six-five patterns triadic octaves.- Five / The Fate of Quartal and Quintal Patterns.- Disjunction and conjunction quartal chains chains of fifths hybrids modulation culture chance once more.- Six / Centric Melodies Gregorian tenor melodies the concept of mesè.- Seven / Polyphony.- Vertical and horizontal distribution isochronous conductus parallels drones grounds alternation and canon Stimmtausch- heterophony.- Eight / Cross- or Polyrhythm.- Independent accompaniment hemiola syncopation Afro-Indian concordances.- Nine / Professional Music and Musical Systems.- Semi-professionals and professionals bards minstrelsy segregation and discrimination professional waiters musical vocabularies pitch syllables concomitant method of learning.- Ten / 'Progress'?.- The fading theory of evolution culture graft progress evidences against progress our gain is our loss.- A note on Bibliography.- Index of Names.