The book contains the contributions at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Chemicals as Intentional and Accidental Global Environmental Threats, which took place in Borovetz, Bulgaria, November 16-27, 2005. A diverse group of scientists, representing the fields of ecology, chemistry, medicine, epidemiology, public health, toxicology, risk assessment, environmental protection and management, modelling, environmental remediation technologies came together to discuss the chemicals threats for the global environment. The intentional or accidental release of chemicals into environment poses a global threat to public health and security. There is a forecast that terrorists could begin to use more advanced technologies including chemicals to threaten or attack civil and political institutions. Terrorism is expected to increase the threat of chemicals in environment through direct release of chemical agents or sabotage of existing chemical facilities. The intentional release of chemicals into environment can cause widespread panic, injury and mortality due to the potentials of exposure of large population. In addition, the management of accidental chemical releases and historical chemical contamination represents a significant economic burden to society.

Presents the experience of 63 experts in chemistry and environmental studies from 17 countries and 4 continents Problems of global chemical pollution Measurement and identification of chemical release Movement of the chemicals in the environment and evaluation of chemical risk Evaluation and management of accidental, intentional and historical chemical releases Evaluation of interrelation and complex chemical threats on food, water, soil and air Selection of effective management technologies. Bio and phytoremediation Communication with the general population

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ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT.- SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PRETREATMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS.- LESSONS LEARNED FROM INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL ACCIDENTS: ITALIAN AND INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES.- SELECTION OF EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED LANDS.- EUROPE AS A SOURCE OF POLLUTION THE MAIN FACTOR FOR THE EUTROPHICATION OF THE DANUBE DELTA AND BLACK SEA.- EFFECTIVE APPROACHES FOR MODELING GROUND WATER LOAD OF SURFACE APPLIED CHEMICALS.- FATE OF CHEMICALS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT.- VULNERABILITY, RESILIENCE, AND ADAPTATION: RESPONSE MECHANISMS IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY THE ASIAN TSUNAMI IN THAILAND AND HURRICANE KATRINA IN THE UNITED STATES.- ONE APPROACH FOR COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT ON GROUP OF SCHOOL CHILDREN EXPOSED TO LEAD IN THE COMMUNITY OF VELES.- ECOLOGICAL AND PROFESSIONAL CHEMICAL DANGERS FOR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH.- TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER. MINIATURE LASER MASS SPECTROMETER FOR EXPRESS ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES.- INCIDENTAL AND ACCIDENTAL POLLUTION IN ITALY.- PESTICIDES AS GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS.- REGULATORY USE OF PESTICIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE EU.- THREATS ON THE SEASIDE LAKES WATER AND THEIR ACUTE AND LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES.- EVALUATING HEALTH RISKS AND PRIORITISING RESPONSE ACTIONS FOR CONTAMINATED LANDS.- SAFEFOODNET: AN ONGOING PROJECT ON CHEMICAL FOOD SAFETY: NETWORK FOR ENLARGING EUROPE.- DEGRADATION OF N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (NDMA) IN LANDSCAPE SOILS.- POLLUTANTS EFFECTS ON HUMAN BODY TOXICOLOGICAL APPROACH.- THE USE OF MODELS FOR THE EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL ATTENUATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT.- MECHANISM OF THE REMEDIATION (DETOXIFICATION) OF CHEMICALS (PESTICIDE, HEAVY METALS, OTHER TOXIC CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS).- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH PROJECTS. EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING PROGRAMS.-PLANNING AND EXECUTION OF A PILOT PHYTOREMEDIATION EXPERIMENT.- DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN COMPLEXED PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING. MECHANISM OF THE REMEDIATION (DETOXIFICATION) OF CHEMICALS (PESTICIDE, HEAVY METALS, OTHER TOXIC CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS).- EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONS FOR CONTROLLING CHEMICAL AIR POLLUTION: AN ANALYSIS OF CLRTAP-EUROPEAN UNION INTERPLAY.- DEVELOPMENT OF A PESTICIDES BIOSENSOR USING CARBON-BASED ELECTRODE SYSTEMS.- STUDY ON THE CONTENT OF CHEMICALS IN LANDFILL LEACHATE.- ASPECTS OF EUTROPHICATION AS A CHEMICAL POLLUTION WITH IMPLICATIONS ON MARINE BIOTA AT THE ROMANIAN BLACK SEA SHORE.- INVESTIGATION OF THE CONSTANTA SURFACE WATER'S POLLUTION SOURCES.- THE POTENTIAL USE OF FESTUCA CULTIVARS AND LIGNITE FOR PHYTOSTABILIZATION OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTED SOILS.- DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF PCBS IN SOIL BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTOR.- METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SOME SELECTED STEROID HORMONES AND BISPHENOL A IN WATER AT LOW NG/L LEVEL BY ON-LINE SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION COMBINED WITH LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY.- EVALUATION OF BIOCIDE FREE ANTIFOULING SYSTEMS.- REMOVAL OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON.- EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL EXPOSURE TO CARBON DISULFIDE AT THE WORKING PLACE.- ACCUMULATION OF COPPER, CADMIUM, IRON, MAGNESIUM AND ZINC IN THREE DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF RED PEPPER.- DETERMINATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS PESTICIDES IN HONEY FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS IN ROMANIA.- EVALUATION OF THE WOMEN FERTILITY HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT. NICKEL EXPOSURE IN INDUSTRY.- STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF VEGETATION ON THE QUALITY OF AQUATIC SYSTEMS.- HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATIONS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT AND LIVING ORGANISMS IN THE DANUBE DELTA,ROMANIA.- DETERMINATION OF CYANIDES FROM DISTILLED ALCOHOLIC DRINKS.- THE QUALITY OF THE DRINKING WATER THE MAIN FACTOR INTO THE SOCIO-HYGIENIC MONITORING.- DETECTION OF HEAVY METALS AND ORGANIC POLLUTANTS FROM BLACK SEA MARINE ORGANISMS.- METHYLMERCURY IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS IN COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS. COMPARISON BETWEEN A DYNAMIC MACROTIDAL ESTUARY AND A MICROTIDAL LAGOON.- A QUICK AND EASY RETRIEVAL OF INFORMATION ON PESTICIDE TOXICITY TO HUMANS AND ENVIRONMENT: PESTIDOC.- STUDY OF BIOFILM FORMATION ON DIFFERENT PIPE MATERIALS IN A MODEL OF DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND ITS IMPACT ON MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY.- MODELING THE TRANSPORT AND FATE OF CONTAMINANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOIL, WATER AND AIR.- EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES OF Pb(II), Zn(II) AND Cd(II) IONS ONTO GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON AND NATURAL ZEOLITE.- NITRATE POLLUTION OF THE LESNOVSKA RIVER CAUSED BY FILTRATION OF CHEMICALS BY AGRICULTURAL AREAS.- PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ARMENIA.- EVALUATION OF BIOFILMS OCCURING IN DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF BALATONFÜRED.