In symbiosis, different organisms have to recognize each other and exchange material and information. While the functional morphology of symbiont cells has extensively been studied little attention has been paid to mutual interactions and cell-to-cell signals. The main topic of the book is the comparison and discussion of the short-distance signals triggering mutualism in animal and plant cells. Thus it provides a) the basis for a better understanding of various aspects of cell compatibility; b) standardisation of a common vocabulary for animal and plant symbiotic biology; c) optimization of experimental techniques for studying signals in symbiosis. The results show the differences and the general principles in the signalling processes of plant, animal and bacterial cells.

Inhalt
I. Physiology and Morphology of Cell-to-Cell Interactions.- Cellular interactions between host and endosymbiont in dinitrogen-fixing root nodules of woody plants.- Recognition mechanisms in the Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis.- The functional morphology of cell-to-cell interactions in lichens.- Host-fungus interactions in ectomycorrhizae.- Morphological integration and functional compatibility between symbionts in vesicular arbuscular endomycorrhizal associations.- Cell to cell interactions in insect endocytobiosis.- Luminescent bacteria: symbionts of nematodes and pathogens of insects.- Cell-to-cell interactions during the establishment of the Hydra-Chlorella symbiosis.- Specificity in the Convoluta roscoffensis/Tetraselmis symbiosis.- The cell structures of plant, animal and microbial symbionts, their differences and similarities.- Symbiosis and evolution: a brief guide to recent literature.- II. Signals in Plants.- Molecular signals in plant cell recognition.- Early recognition signals in the Rhizobium trifolii-white clover symbiosis.- Flavonoid compounds as molecular signals in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis.- Soredia formation of compatible and incompatible lichen symbionts.- The role of the cell wall as a signal in mycorrhizal associations.- III. Signals in Animals.- Peptide and carbohydrate moieties as molecular signals in animal cell recognition.- Genetical and biochemical interactions between the host and its endocytobiotes in the weevils Sitophilus (Coleoptere, Curculionidae) and other related species.- Signals in the Paramecium Bursaria Chlorella Sp. association.- Nutritional interactions as signals in the green hydra symbiosis.- The establishment of algal/hydra symbioses A case of recognition or preadaptation?.- Factors produced by symbiotic marineinvertebrates which affect translocation between the symbionts.- Specificity in dinomastigote-marine invertebrate symbioses: an evaluation of hypotheses of mechanisms involved in producing specificity.- IV. Recommendations for Future Research and Applications.- Applications of genetic engineering to Symbiontology in agriculture.- The application of monoclonal antibody technology to the study of cell-cell interactions.- The use of monoclonal antibodies to investigate plant-microbe interactions in pea root nodules containing Rhizobium leguminosarum.- Immunocytochemical studies of symbiotic development and metabolism in nitrogen-fixing root nodules.- Concepts leading to an understanding of recognition and signalling between hosts and symbionts.