During the last three decades, there has been a growing interest in systems that combine elements of parliamentarism and presidentialism. Despite the fact that much attention has been directed towards the semi-presidential form of government in particular, it is evident that many aspects of regime forms remain unexplored. This book systematically categorises democratic political regimes with a separate head of state and government (including regimes with a monarch and prime minister, and president and PM) globally and over a long historical period 18502019. It analyses how regimes with a dual executive emerge and what trajectories they follow. It also explores the stability of these regimes across time and space. An important feature of this endeavour is to address actual powers of the head of state rather than constitutional provisions.

Moves beyond the category of semi-presidentialism, accounting for a larger set of executive power-sharing systems Is extensive in time and space as it covers all democratic countries with dual executives during the period 1850-2019 Accounts for a large set of actual powers of heads of state rather than on constitutional provisions

Autorentext

Carsten Anckar is Professor of Political Science at Åbo Akademi University, Finland.

Inhalt

1. Introduction.- 2. Classifying Political Regimes.- 3. The Research Population.- 4. How Dual Executives Emerge.- 5. Patterns of Transformations in Dual Executives.- 6. How Dual Executives End.- 7. Conclusion.