Heart failure is a major, cause of death worldwide, most frequently secondary toacardiomyopathicdisorder. The rolesofviruses, immunity, cytokines and genetics as sources of heart failure have been relatively understated in the rapidly developing world of clinical cardiology. Yet, great progress in molecular biology and the recent application of new techniquesto studiesoftheetiologyandpathogenesisofcardiomyopathies and heart failure has shed new light in an area ready to undergo major developmentsandadvances. This book is an effort to present an up-to-date account of eXIstmg knowledge,includingrecentdevelopmentsinthisfield. Chapterscovering severaldisciplinesincludingbiochemistry,immunology,molecularbiology, virology,epidemiologyandclinicalmedicinehavebeenincluded,offeringa "bench-to-bedside"and"bedside-to-bench"criticalreviewofeveryaspects of heart failure and cardiomyopathies, by world renowned, expert researchers and clinicians. These opinion leaders review all significant advances in our understandingofheart failure and cardiomyopathies, and describe theimprovements indiagnosis and treatment that areexpectedto optimize the overall management of patients. The identification of establishedornewlyrecognizedmolecules,cytokines,viruses,andgenes,as well as an understandingofthe mechanisms by which these factors may cause cardiomyopathic disorders and induce heart failure depends on a multidisciplinaryapproachwhichthisbookattemptstouniquelyencompass. Therefore,wehopethatitwillbeanimportantresource,notonlyforclinical cardiologists,butalso forgeneralpractitioners,pediatriciansandspecialists in infectious diseases, as well as trainees and graduates in biochemistry, immunology, genetics, molecular biology, virology, pharmacology, and epidemiology. AkiraMatsumori,MD,PhD Ie INTRODUCTORYCHAPTER CARDIOMYOPATHIESANDHEARTFAILURE Biomolecular,InfectiousandImmuneMechanisms AkiraMatsumori,MD,PhD DepartmentofCardiovascularMedicine KyotoUniversityGraduateSchoolofMedicine Kyoto,Japan 1 SUMMARY Theclinicalpresentationofviralmyocarditisisvariable. Whenmyocardial necrosis is diffuse, congestive heart failure develops, and later, dilated cardiomyopathy. If the myocardial lesions are localized, a ventricular aneurysmforms. Whencomplicatedbyarrhythmias,myocarditispresentsas arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. When myocardial necrosisislocalizedtothesubendocardialregion,restrictivecardiomyopathy may develop. While it has not been established that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy maybeacomplicationofviral myocarditis, asymmetrical septal hypertrophy has, in fact, sometimesbeen observed in patients with myocarditis. TheimportanceofhepatitisCvirusinfectionhasrecentlybeen notedinpatientswithmyocarditis,dilatedandhypertrophiccardiomyopathy.

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This volume comprises the most up-to-date account of existing knowledge on the subject of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Its multidisciplinary approach covers cardiovascular medicine; biochemistry; immunology; molecular biology; virology; epidemiology; and clinical medicine. Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure: -Covers all major investigational and clinical aspects of the topic; -Provides syntheses as well as reviews; -Offers a unique multidisciplinary and international perspective; -Includes an extensive list of references to relevant work; -Targeted towards practicing physicians and basic researchers.

Inhalt
Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure: Biomolecular, Infectious and Immune Mechanisms.- 1. Chemokines and Cardiovascular Diseases.- 2. Negative Regulator of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) Genes in Inflammation.- 3. The Interleukin-6 Family of Cytokines and their Receptors in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure.- 4. Animal Model of Cardiomyopathy Due to Overexpression of TNF-?.- 5. Myosin Autoreactive T Cells and Autoimmune Myocarditis: Lessons from the Disease Caused by Cardiac Myosin Peptide CM2.- 6. Autoimmunity in Cardiomyopathies.- 7. Anti-G-Protein Coupled Cardiac Receptor Autoantibodies In Dilated Cardiomyopathy.- 8. Clinical Significance of Circulating Cardiac Autoantibodies in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis.- 9. Development of Mast Cells: Process and Regulatory Mechanisms.- 10. Mast Cells in Experimental Myocardial Infarction.- 11. Possible Involvement of Mast Cells in the Development of Fibrosis.- 12. Human Mast Cell Chymase and 31 Amino Acid Endothelin-1.- 13. Tryptase From Human Mast Cells.- 14. Effects of the Tryptase Receptor Activating Peptide and Antibodies Against the Tryptase Receptor Par-2 On Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes in Culture.- 15. Role of Human Heart Mast Cells in Immunologic and Inflammatory Mechanisms Underlying Cardiovascular Disorders.- 16. Mast Cells in Atherosclerotic Human Coronary Arteries: Implications for Coronary Fatty Streak Formation and Plaque Erosion or Rupture.- 17. The Key Role of Mast Cells in the Evolution to Congestive Heart Failure.- 18. Links Between Viral Infections And Heart Disease.- 19. Molecular Detection and Characterization of Human Enteroviruses.- 20. Detection and Biological Implications of Genetic Memory in Viral Quasispecies.- 21. The Group B Coxsackieviruses as Vaccines and Vectors.- 22. Detection ofImportant Diagnostic Markers of HCV Infection.- 23. Large Animal Model of Viral Myocarditis.- 24. Hepatitis C Virus and Cardiomyopathy.- 25. Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocarditis: The Role of Adenovirus Infection in Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure.- 26. The Natural History of Viral Myocarditis: Pathogenetic Role of Adrenergic System Dysfunction in the Development of Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.- 27. Clinical Diagnosis of Myocarditis.- 28. Recent Advances in Giant Cell Myocarditis.- 29. Registry of Myocarditis and Heart Failure.- 30. Molecular Etiology of Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy.- 31. Gene-Based Therapy of Long QT Syndrome.- 32. How Does Adenosine Mediate Cardioprotection?.- 33. Protection of Cell Injury by Thioredoxin.- 34. Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Angiogenesis.- 35. Transplanting Cells for the Treatment of Cardiomyopathy.- 36. Toward an Ideal Large Animal Model Of Dilated Cardiomyopathy to Study Left Ventricular Volume Reduction Surgery.- 37. Heart Transplantation: 35 Years of Progress.- 38. Genes of the Major Histocompability Complex Class II Influence The Phenotype Of Cardiomyopathies Associated With Hepatitis C Virus Infection.