This book is the record of the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Erice, Sicily, from the 2nd - 12th June 1981, during which scientists and clinicians interested in the problems presented by cancer of the kidney and the prostate were encouraged to present, to discuss and to challenge the opinions expressed and the beliefs held by the different contributors. It is uncommon for scientist, physician, and surgeon to meet with great regularity or for prolonged periods of time and it must be exceedingly rare for such people to immerse themselves in each other's work and company for aperiod of almost two weeks. For this to occur in a situation of total isolation such as that provided by the marvellous Ettore Majorana Centre in Erice, Sicily must be unique. The fact that differences of opinion remain will be evident to all who read the book, as will the wealth of scientific and clinical work being undertaken within and beyond the NATO countries. We are very much indebted to the Science Committee of NATO for their recommendation for support for this meeting and to the Ente Fiuggi and to several pharmaceutical firms.

Inhalt
Renal Cell Carcinoma and Carcinoma of the Prostate: Achievements and Challenges.- Prostatic Cancer: Epidemiology and Etiology.- Some Observations on Incidence and Natural History of Prostatic Carcinoma.- Animal Models in Prostatic Cancer.- Tissue Culture in Prostatic Cancer.- Histopathology of the Human Prostate Gland.- Cytology of the Prostate.- The Estimation of DNA by Absorption Cytophotometry on Smears of Trans-rectal Fine Needle Aspiration of the Prostate.- Aspiration Biopsy Cytology in the Management of Prostatic Carcinoma and in Monitoring Response to Treatment.- The Role of Aspiration Biopsy in Following Patients Treated with Chemotherapy and Radiation.- Epithelium and Stroma in Prostatic Cancer and Hyperplasia.- Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma Evaluation of Single Parameters and Cytomorphometry.- Carcinoma of the Prostate: The Clinical Potential of Biological Markers other than Acid Phosphatase.- The Predictive Value of Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Levels in Untreated Prostatic Cancer.- Immunological Detection of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase: Five Years' Experience.- Immunological Assays for Prostatic Acid Phosphatase.- Is Determination of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase in Bone Marrow by Radioimmunoassay (BM-PAP) Useful in Patients with Prostatic Cancer?.- Studies of Acid Phosphatase in Prostatic Cancer.- The Clinical Value of the Serum Acid Phosphatase in Carcinoma of the Prostate.- Prostatic Cancer: Advances in Diagnosis.- Fine-Needle Aspiration of Soft-Tissue Masses In Prostatic Cancer Patients.- Prostatic Cancer Staging An Overview.- Carcinoma of the Prostate The Need for a Revision of Category TO?.- Lymph Node Metastases in Prostatic Cancer.- Lymph Node Dissection in the Management of Prostatic Cancer.- The Value of Quantified Bone Scanning in theFollow-up of Patients with Prostate Cancer and Metastatic Bone Lesions.- Pulmonary and Osseous Metastases in Prostatic Cancer: Methods of Quantitative Assessment.- The Present Status of Receptor Studies in Relation to Prostatic Cancer.- Methodology and Principles of Immuno-Cytological Assays of Steroid Receptors.- Histochemical Determination of Androgen Binding Sites in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: Clinical Correlation.- Prostatic Cancer: Clinical Significance of Receptor Studies.- Radical Prostatectomy.- Cryosurgery of Prostatic Carcinoma.- Cryosurgical and Cryoresection Treatment of Prostatic Cancer.- Radiotherapy of Prostatic Cancer.- External Irradiation of Poorly Differentiated Prostatic Carcinoma.- Iodine-125 Implantation for Prostatic Carcinoma.- Controversial Aspects of Hormone Manipulation in Prostatic Carcinoma.- Estrogens in the Treatment of Prostatic Cancer.- Treatment of Prostatic Cancer with Diethylstilboestrol Detection and Evaluation of the Vascular Risk.- Progestins in Prostatic Cancer.- Nolvadex (Tamoxifen), an Antioestrogen of Potential Use in the Management of Carcinoma of the Prostate.- Carcinoma of the Prostate: Adrenal Inhibitors.- Carcinoma of the Prostate Adrenalectomy and Hypophysectomy.- Estramustine and Prednimustine.- Pepleomycin, Interferon and Estracyt in the Treatment of Poorly Differentiated Prostatic Carcinoma.- Chemotherapy of Prostatic Cancer: The National Prostatic Cancer Project Experience.- Combination of Chemotherapy with Hormones.- Strategy of Treatment in the Advanced Stages Round Table Report.- Strategy of Treatment in Prostatic Cancer A Contribution to the Discussion.- On the Methodology of Controlled Clinical Trials.- The EORTC Phase II Studies in Advanced Prostatic Cancer.- Preliminary Results of Two EORTCRandomized Trials in Previously Untreated Patients With Advanced T3 T4 Prostatic Cancer.- The Value of the Ancillary Factor Scoring System.- The Correlation between Grading and Clinical Response.- Criteria for Evaluating Response to Treatment in Prostatic Cancer.- Aetiology of Kidney Tumours.- Renal Cancer: In Vitro Models and Animal Tumors.- The Evaluation of Chemotherapy in a Murine Renal Adenocarcinoma.- Epidemiology of Renal Tumors.- Unrecognized Renal Cell Carcinoma.- The Use of Electron Microscopy in the Controversy of Renal Adenoma Versus Carcinoma.- Renal Oncocytoma.- Circulation Time and Renal Blood Flow In Kidney Carcinoma.- Histochemical Detection of Steroid Binding Sites in Human Renal Tissue and Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Preliminary Report of Work in Progress.- Hormone Therapy and Receptor Studies in Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Diagnostic Investigations in Renal Cancer. Advances in Diagnosis including Radiology, Lymphography, Percutaneous Puncture, Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography.- Arteriography, Venography and Radio-Isotopes in the Diagnosis of Cancer of the Kidney.- Is Arteriography Any Longer Necessary in the Assessment of Renal Cancer?.- Aspiration Biopsy and Cytology of Renal Cancer.- Dynamic Computed Tomography in Renal Tumors.- Lipid Analysis in Cystic Renal Lesions.- Cancer of the Kidney: Staging.- Histopathology and Nuclear Grading in Renal Cell Neoplasms.- Prognostic Relevance of Cytologic Grading in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Prognostic Factors in Renal Cancer.- Renal Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Aspects and Natural History.- Carcinoma of the Kidney: Biological Markers.- Regression of Hypernephromas.- Spontaneous Regression of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma and its Significance in Assessing Response of Such Patients to Chemotherapy.-Renal Cell Carcinoma, Surgical Treatment of the Primary Lesion.- Kidney Cancer Surgery of Metastases.- Adenocarcinoma Occurring in a Solitary Kidney.- Lymphadenectomy in Renal Cancer.- Techniques of Embolization in Renal Cancer.- How Often is Embolization of Renal Cancer Useful Nowadays?.- The Effect of Embolisation/Nephrectomy for Renal Carcinoma on the Paraneoplastic Syndromes.- Radiotherapy of Renal Cancer: Principles and Indications.- Combined Chemotherapy and Irradiation of Pulmonary Metastases in Patients with Renal Adenocarcinoma.- Preoperative Irradiation and Nephrectomy in Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma of the Kidney (A Preliminary Study).- Immunotherapy for Renal Carcinoma.- Chemotherapy of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results of Treatment with Methyl-Glyoxal Bis-Guanylhydrazone (methyl-GAG): An EORTC Study.- 4?-epi-Adriamyein in Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer.- Is Renal Cancer a Hormone-Dependent Tumour and How Does It Respond To Hormonal Treatment? Round Table Report.- Strategy of Therapy in Renal Carcinoma Round Table Report.- Treatment of Renal Cancer.- Renal Cancer Clinical Studies in the U.S.A..- Conservative Management of Renal Tumours.- Speakers.