Californium-252 is a neutron emitter with a high specific activity, making it useful in a variety of applications, the most spectacular of which is in brachytherapy for cancer patients. Radiation oncology has exhausted nearly every option for treating radioresistant tumors by photon brachytherapy, and therefore new types of radiation need to be studied to improve the curability of cancer.
Audience: Californium brachytherapy is used in only a few radiation therapy centers in the world, so the book will be highly instructive for radiation oncologists, medical physicists and radiobiologists. The nuclear techniques used in clinical applications may also interest nuclear physicists and engineers.

Zusammenfassung
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Detroit, U.S.A., April 24-27, 1996

Inhalt
Yosh Maruyama Father of Neutron Brachytherapy.- I. Production and Physical Properties of Californium Sources.- Californium-252 Production and Neutron Source Fabrication.- Physics and Dosimetry of Clinical 252Cf Sources.- II. Brachytherapy of Gynaecological Tumors.- Ta?ev of Cf-252 and Ra-226 Radiation Doses and the Reoxygenation and Regression of Cervix Uteri Tumor. Part I: Clinical Experimental Study.- The Relationship of Cf-252 and Ra-226 Radiation Doses and the Reoxygenation and Regression of Cervix Uteri Tumor. Part II: Preliminary Results in Advanced Cervical Carcinoma.- Californium-252 and Hypoxyradiotherapy in Treatment of Advanced Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri.- Results of Mixed Radiation Therapy of Endometrial Cancer using Neutron Gamma-Therapy.- Preoperative Intracavitary Neutron Therapy Carcinoma of Endometrial and Cervix.- The Results of Treatment of Patients with Endometrial Cancer and Carcinoma Cervix using Californium-252 HDR.- Clinical Experience of Neutron Brachytherapy for Patients with Cervix Carcinoma.- III. Brachytherapy of Head and Neck Tumors.- Radiation Injuries of Oral Cavity and Oropharynx after Interstitial Neutron Brachytherapy and Gamma-Therapy.- Brachytherapy with Californium-252 for Head and Neck Tumors.- Immunoendocrine Homeostasis State in Patients with Cancer of the Buccal Mucosa after Interstitial Therapy with Californium-252.- IV. Brachytherapy of Rectal Tumors and Sarcomas.- Intracavitary Neutron Therapy for Malignant Rectal Tumors using High Cf-252 Sources.- Preoperative Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Rectal Carcinoma.- Californium-252 in the Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcoma.- V. Dosimetry, Radiobiology and Treatment Planning of Mixed Neutron-Photon Radiation.- Treatment Planning for Interstitial and Intracavitary Cf-252Neutron Brachytherapy.- Dosimetry and Treatment Planning in High Dose Rate Cf-252 Brachytherapy.- To the Problem on Selection of the Target in Brachytherapy with Cf-252.- Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Cf-252 Brachytherapy: Clinical and Technological Aspects.- Biological Effects of Gamma-Neutron Radiation Cf-252 or Fission Neutron from the BR-10 Reactor on Tumor and Normal Cells and Tissues.- Cf-252 Brachytherapy in Cervical Cancer: Monte Carlo Studies of the Effect of Tissue Heterogeneity.- VI. Source Design and Delivery.- Automatic Afterloading Device for Neutron Brachytherapy (ANET-BA).- Small Accelerators An Alternative Source of Neutrons for Brachytherapy.- The IEC as a Complementary Neutron Source to Cf-252.