It has been established that neuroglia are involved in early neu ronal growth, differentiation, and migration; these issues are well discussed in the companion volume entitled Neuron-Glia Interrela tions During Phylogeny: I. Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Glial Cells. The present volume, Neuron-Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny: II. Plas ticity and Regeneration, focuses on two aspects: (1) neuron-glia inter relations as they relate to the physiological and metabolic homeostasis of neurons; and (2) the role of neuroglia and neuronal plasticity in regeneration and aging. Neuron-Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny: II. Plasticity and Regeneration begins with the unique presentation, "Neuron-Glia In teractions in the Human Fetal Brain," by Sogos et al. The interesting issue discussed in this chapter is the immunocompetence of the CNS, a field that is now rising. The chapter by Oland et al. , "Glial Cells Playa Key Role in the Construction of Insect Olfactory Glomeruli," discusses a unique role of glial cells as intermediates in afferent axon induction of substructure with the CNS. The chapter by Vanhems, "Insect Glial Cells and Their Relationships with Neurons," compliments the information presented in the companion volume by Fredieu and Mahowald and, in this volume, the chapter by Tobert and Oland. The chapter by Tsacopoulos and Poitry, "Metabolite Exchanges and Signal Trafficking Between Glial Cells and Neurons in the Insect Retina," provides evidence of the nutritive functions of glial cells and the important role of alanine supplied by glial cells to photoreceptors, a clear neuron-glia interaction.

Klappentext

Leading international authorities report on their in vivo studies of neuron-glia interactions in animals with simple nervous systems (insects, fish, amphibians, and reptiles). Their work amounts to an in-depth account of many of the principal functions of glial cells: myelination, regulation of ionic environment, neurotransmitter compartmentation and neurotransmitter receptors, blood-brain barrier, regeneration, and aging. Part I examines the origin and role of glial cells during development across the phylogenetic spectrum, including the evolution of their particular functions. Part II discusses the physiological and metabolic interactions between neurons and glia, again across phylogenetic groups. Neuron-Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny illuminates the evolution of the nervous system and expands our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in regeneration and central nervous system repair. It constitutes a virtual encyclopedia of up-to-date findings concerning the significant roles played by glial cells in neuronal development and function.

Inhalt
I. Physiological GliaNeuron Interaction in Phylogeny.- NeuronGlia Interactions in the Human Fetal Brain.- Glial Cells Play a Key Role in the Construction of Insect Olfactory Glomeruli.- Insect Glial Cells and Their Relationships with Neurons.- Metabolite Exchanges and Signal Trafficking Between Glial Cells and Neurons in the Insect Retina.- Learning from the AxonSchwann Cell Relationships of the Giant Nerve Fiber of the Squid.- Glutamate-Mediated NeuronGlia Signaling in Invertebrates and Vertebrates.- Metabolic Interactions Between Neurons and Glial Cells in Leech and Snail Ganglia.- Functional Role of Ion Transporters and Neurotransmitter Receptors in Glia.- II. Plasticity and Regeneration of CNS in Phylogeny.- Regeneration in the Mammalian CNS: New and Old Views.- Cells at the Boundary: The Insect BloodBrain Barrier and Its Role in Neural Repair.- NeuronGlia Interrelations During 3-Acetylpyridine-Induced Degeneration and Regeneration in the Adult Lizard Brain.- The Role of Extracellular Matrix Molecules, Glial Cells, and Microglia in Regeneration of the Leech CNS.- The Organization of Astrocytes in the Goldfish Visual System.- Repair by Schwann Cells in the Regenerating Goldfish Visual Pathway: Evidence of Regional Specificity.- Intermediate Filaments: A Molecular Link to Nerve Development and Regeneration in the Goldfish Visual Pathway.- Neuroglia in Adult Amphibians.- Plasticity of Astrocytes in Culture: Comparison of Astrocytes Derived from Chick Embryonic Brain and Aged Mouse Brain.- GliaNeuronal and GliaVascular Interrelations in BloodBrain Barrier Formation and Axon Regeneration in Vertebrates.