With the growth of modern cities and the reliance of many of their populations on personal automobiles for the primary mode of transport, we need to use better traffic management systems (T.-T. 2002). The importance of time for (passenger, teachers, managers, business men,... etc.) is too valuable, so delay in junctions leads to a significant decrease in workers' productivity and trade opportunities. However environment pollution- CO2, and black carbon emissions - is another problem of traffic junctions that cause to a high temperature on ozone layer and thus serious illnesses among people. (Wargo et al. 2006). In 2007 Urban Mobility Report estimates total annual cost of congestion for the 75 U.S. urban areas at 89.6 billion dollars, the value of 4.5 billion hours of delay and 6.9 billion gallons of excess fuel consumed (Yousef et al. 2010). To solve this problem, there are more different researches which there main aim is to reduce the delay and optimize the flow ratio on junctions (Beckmann 1956; Webster 1958; Kwasnicka and Stanek 2006; Chin et al. 2011; Purohit et al. 2012).

Autorentext

Belal Alshami - Arab Academy for Science and Technology, College of Computing and Information Systems.