Basic Concepts in Doppler Echocardiography The objective of this textbook is to offer a detailed yet concise overview of the various applications of Doppler echocardiography. The fundamental principles of pulsed mode, continuous mode, and color flow mapping are fully explained as well as the clinical applications of each modality in the evaluation of various cardiac pathologies. A copious amount of figures and illustrations is included so that the reader is able to follow the discussions in the text by referring to the appropriate case studies. The emphasis of this book is focused upon the practical Doppler examination. The sections on theoretical considerations are therefore brief but comprehensive, while the didactic sections concentrate upon how to perform and interpret the clinical examination. The instrumentation of the Doppler system is also discussed so that the physician or technologist can acquire a basic understanding of how the Doppler system actually functions. CONTRmUTORS Bjorn AJ. Angelsen Dr. Tech. Professor of Biomedical Engineering University of Trondheim Trondheim , Norway Phillip Brun M. D. Director of Research Department of illtrasonology University Medical Center, Henri Mondor Paris , France Albert Meguira M. Sc. Biomedical Engineer Sonotron / Diasonics Paris , France and the Department of illtrasonology University Medical Center, Henri Mondor Paris , France Andreas Strauss M. D. Department of illtrasonology University Medical Center, Henri Mondor Paris France Sandra Yanushka B. Sc.

Inhalt
1 Basic Principles.- Sound Wave Propagation.- The Ultrasound Beam.- The Doppler Effect.- Pulsed Doppler.- High Pulse Repetition Mode.- Continuous Wave Doppler.- Color Flow Mapping.- 2 On The Design of A Color Flow Imaging System.- Technical Problems with Color Flow Imaging.- Scan methods.- Phased Annular Array.- 3 Intracardiac Flow Dynamics.- Entrance Flow.- Pulsatile Flow.- Turbulant Flow.- Cardiac Output Measurement.- 4 The Normal Examination.- The Imaging Windows.- Characteristics of Normal Intracardiac Flows.- 5 Applications In Acquired Heart Disease.- Determination of the Pressure Gradient.- Aortic Stenosis.- Mitral Stenosis.- Tricuspid Stenosis.- Pulmonary Stenosis.- Aortic Insufficiency.- Mitral Insufficiency.- Pulmonary Insufficiency.- Tricuspid Regurgitation.- Prosthetic Valves.- Obstructive Cardiomyopathy.- Dilated Cardiomyopathy.- 6 Doppler Ultrasound in Congenital Heart Disease.- The Pulmonary to Systemic Flow Ratio.- Ventricular Septal Defect.- Atrial Septal Defect.- Patent Ductus Arteriosus.- Estimation of Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure.- Obstructive Lesions.