17 2 STRESS FIELDS FOR SIMPLE STRUCTURES 2. 1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter the behavior and strength of simple structures made of rein forced or prestressed concrete is investigated with the aid of stress fields. In particular, the webs and flanges of beams, simple walls, brackets, bracing beams and joints of frames are investigated. By this means, the majority of design cases are already covered. In reality, all structural components are three-dimensional. Here, however, components are considered either directly as two-dimensional plate elements (i. e. the plane stress condition with no variation of stress over the thickness of the element) or they are subdivided into several plates. Since two-dimensional structural elements are statically redundant, it is pOSSible for a particular loading to be in equilibrium with many (theoretically an infinite number of) stress states. If the lower bound method of the theory of plasticity is employed, then an admissible stress field or any combination of such stress fields may be selected. In chapter 4 it is shown that this method is suitable for the design of reinforced concrete structures, and the consequence of the choice of the final structural system on the structural behavior is dealt with in detail. The first cases of the use of this method date back to Ritter [6] and Morsch [4], who already at the beginning of the century investigated the resultants of the internal stresses by means of truss models.

Autorentext
Joseph Schwartz, geboren 1957, erhielt im Jahr 1981 seinen Diplomabschluss und 1989 den Doktortitel an der Abteilung für Bauingenieurwesen der ETH Zürich. Prof. Schwartz führt ein eigenes Ingenieurbüro mit Sitz in Zug und arbeitet eng mit mehreren führenden schweizerischen Architekten zusammen. Er ist Vorstandsmitglied der Fachgruppe für Brückenbau und Hochbau und Präsident der Kommission SIA 266 Mauerwerk.

Klappentext

The book presents a unified approach to the design and detailing of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Simple and, above all, clear models in the form of stress fields, consistently based on the theory of plasticity are developed to determine the statical action and the strength. These models are then used to design and detail the structural components and connections. Practical experience as well as fifty years of extensive testing have demonstrated that the theory of plasticity provides a rational, logical, consistent and simple method for investigating the statical behaviour and strength of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Throughout the text references are made to the pertinent literature. Also available in German

Inhalt
1 Introduction and Theoretical Basis.- 1.1 Introductory Remarks.- 1.2 Fundamentals of the Theory of Plasticity.- 1.3 Engineering Methods.- 2 Stress Fields for Simple Structures.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Beams with Rectangular Cross-Section Subjected to Bending and Shear.- 2.3 Beams with I-Cross-Section Subjected to Bending and Shear.- 2.4 Members Subjected to Torsion and Combined Action.- 2.5 Brackets.- 2.6 Coupling Beams.- 2.7 Joints of Frames.- 2.8 Beams with Sudden Changes in Cross-Section.- 2.9 Walls.- 2.10 Three-Dimensional Example.- 3 Material Strengths and other Properties.- 3.1 Reinforcing Steel.- 3.2 Concrete.- 3.3 Force Transfer Reinforcement Concrete.- 4 Additional Considerations for the Development of Stress Fields.- 4.1 Remarks on Plastic Design Applied to Reinforced Concrete.- 4.2 Procedure for Developing Stress Fields.- 4.3 Impaired Strength through Wide Cracks.- 4.4 Stress Distribution in Highly Stressed Compression Zones.- 4.5 Prestressed Beams.- 5 Plane Stress, Plate and Shell Elements.- 5.1 Plane Stress Elements.- 5.2 Slab Elements.- 5.3 Shell Elements.- 6 Outlook: Computer Programs.- References.