In 1962 Clark and Lyons pioneered the concept of a biosensor. They p- posed immobilizing enzymes at electrochemical detectors to form enzyme el- trodes in order to expand the analyte range of ther base sensor. Smce then, the field of blosensors has greatly expanded. Some of the reasons for the expansion include both advances in signal transduction technologies and the incorporation of different biological sensing elements (Table 1). As a consequence, there are now a bewildering array of permutations of the biological sensing element and signal transducers that can be used to c- struct a biosensor. The purpose of the two volumes of Protocols and Te- niques in Biosensors is to provide a basic reference tool and starting point for use by graduate students, postdoctoral and senior researchers, and technicians m academics, industry, and government research establishments, to enable rapid entry into the field of biosensors. There are a variety of approaches that researchers employ to select a combination of bioaffinity elements and signal transducers. One commonly used approach is to identtfy the compound or compounds of interest; identify the biological molecule that yields an appropriate recognitionlselectivtty and dynamic concentration range for the assay; and choose an assay format and signal transduction technology that will meet the analytical requirements for the proposed application, This volume, Enzyme and Microbial Biosensors: Techniques and Protocols, describes a variety of transduction technologies that have been interfaced to enzymes and microorganisms.

Klappentext

A cutting-edge collection of detailed, step-by-step techniques and protocols for constructing, evaluating, and using enzyme- and microbial-based biosensors. Ideal for novices starting research in their field or experienced researchers wanting to use a biosensor for a specific analytical measurement, the methods detailed here allow biochemists, analytical chemists, microbiologists, and engineers to successfully apply biosensor technology to their specific problems. The techniques include classical enzyme biosensors based on potentiometric, amperometric, conductimetric, optical, and thermal transducers, as well cell-based biosensors based on amperometric and optical transducers. A companion volume, Affinity Biosensors: Protocols and Techniques, by Rogers & Mulchandani, concentrates on cell- and affinity-based biosensors.

Zusammenfassung
The purpose of the two volumes of Protocols and Te- niques in Biosensors is to provide a basic reference tool and starting point for use by graduate students, postdoctoral and senior researchers, and technicians m academics, industry, and government research establishments, to enable rapid entry into the field of biosensors.

Inhalt
Enzyme Biosensors.- Principles of Enzyme Biosensors.- Enzyme Biosensors Based on pH Electrode.- Enzyme Biosensors Based on Gas Electrodes.- Enzyme Biosensors Based on ISFETs.- Enzyme Biosensors Based on Oxygen Detection.- Enzyme Biosensors Based on the Hydrogen Peroxide Electrode.- Enzyme Biosensors Based on Mediator-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode.- Enzyme Biosensors Based on Electron Transfer Between Electrode and Immobilized Peroxidases.- Enzyme Biosensors Based on Redox Polymers.- Enzyme Biosensors Based on Metallized Carbon Electrodes.- Enzyme Biosensors Based on Conducting Polymers.- Enzyme Sensors Based on Conductimetric Measurement.- Enzyme Biosensors Based on Thermal Transducer/Thermistor.- Enzyme Biosensors Based on Fluorometric Detection.- Microbial Biosensor.- Microbial biosensors based on oxygen electrodes.- Microbial biosensors based on respiratory inhibition.- Microbial biosensors based on potentiometric detection.- Microbial biosensors based on optical detection.