Lifestyle, in any part of the world, is associated with the occurrence of major chronic diseases, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, and stroke; many distinct types of cancer; and adult onset diabetes (11,22,70,75). One important element of lifestyle is tobacco use, which appreciably increases the risk of a number of chronic diseases (21). Other lifestyle factors relate to nutritional traditions, alcohol use, and exercise (11,30,58,60,70,71). The underlying evidence is, in part, based on the evidence of specific diseases in relation to dietary habits in a given geographic region, as well as changes in such disease occurrences in migrant populations from a low risk to a high risk area, and vice versa (25,42). Populations that customarily consume fruits and vegetables and also whole grain cereal products generally have a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases and specific types of cancer than populations with a lower intake of such foods, everything else being equal (63). In the last few years, research has provided mechanistic explanations as to the reasons for the protective effects of specific foods. This paper will emphasize the mechanisms whereby cancer risks are reduced by dietary modification.

Klappentext

Proceedings of the Third International Conference held in Lucca, Italy, May 5-10, 1991

Zusammenfassung
Proceedings of the Third International Conference held in Lucca, Italy, May 5-10, 1991

Inhalt
Mechanistic Approaches to Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis.- Mechanisms of Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis: Role in Primary Prevention.- Multiple Mechanisms: The Example of Vitamin A.- Inhibition of Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis by Extracellular Mechanisms.- Inhibition of Nitrosation.- Protective Mechanisms of Dietary Fibers in Nutritional Carcinogenesis.- Extracellular Interception of Mutagens.- Proteins as Scavengers of Nitrite: Antimutagenic Implications.- Antimutagenic Agents from Natural Products of Terrestrial and Marine Origin.- Inhibitory Effects of Dietary Leafy Vegetables on Mutagens and on Active Oxygens.- Extrapolation of In Vitro Antimutagenicity to the In Vivo Situation: The Case for Anthraflavic Acid.- Preventive Effect of Magnesium Hydroxide on Carcinogen-Induced Large Bowel Carcinogenesis in Rats.- Antimutagenic Investigations on Commercial Yogurt.- Modulation of Metabolism and Blocking of Reactive Species.- Chemoprotection by Inducers of Electrophile Detoxication Enzymes.- Protective Role of Glutathione, Thiols, and Analogues in Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis.- N-Acetylcysteine Inhibits Diesel Extract Mutagenicity in the Ames Test and Sister Chromatid Exchange Induction in Human Lymphocytes.- Sulfotransferase- and Acetyltransferase-Mediated Activation of Carcinogenic N-Hydroxyarylamines in Mammals and Bacteria, and Their Modulation by Thiols.- Induction of Rat Liver GSH Transferases by 1,2-Dithiole-3-Thione Illustrates Both Anticarcinogenic and Tumor-Promoting Properties.- Organ-Specific Modification of Carcinogenesis by Antioxidants in Rats.- The Modulating Effects of Antioxidants in Rat Embryos and Sertoli Cells in Culture.- Blocking the Plant Activation of Promutagenic Aromatic Amines by Peroxidase Inhibitors.- Chemoprevention of Rat Liver Carcinogenesis by S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine: Is DNA Methylation Involved?.- Modulation of DNA Repair and Control of Gene Expression.- Molecular Control of Human Papillomavirus RNA Expression in Neoplasia.- The Two umuDC-like Operons, samAB and nmuDCST, in Salmonella typhimurium: The umuDCST Operon May Reduce Ultraviolet-Mutagenesis-Promoting Ability of the samAB Operon.- Formation, Inhibition of Formation, and Repair of Oxidative 8-Hydroxyguanine DNA Damage.- Modulation by Retinoic Acid of Spontaneous and Benzo(a)-pyrene-Induced c-Ha-ras Expression.- Identification of Natural Antimutagens with Modulating Effects on DNA Repair.- Mechanisms of Inhibition of Tumor Promotion, Progression, Invasion, and Metastases.- Mechanisms of Inhibition of Tumor Progression.- Histopathology of Human Intraepithelial Neoplasia with Implications for Chemoprevention Strategy.- Potential Mechanisms of Antitumorigenesis by Protease Inhibitors.- cDNA Cloning of Serine/Threonine Phosphatase Catalytic Subunits and Reversion of the Malignant Phenotype to the Normal Phenotype by Okadaic Acid, a Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor.- Mechanisms of Action of New Antitumor Promoters.- Murine ?/ß Interferons Inhibit Benzo(a)pyrene Activation and Mutagenesis in Mice.- Inhibition of Malignant Tumor Cell Invasion: An Approach to Anti-Progression.- Direct Interception of Mutagens and Carcinogens by Biomolecules.- Sphingolipids Inhibit Multistage Carcinogenesis and Protein Kinase C.- Prospects in Chemoprevention of Mutation and Cancer.- Recent Results in Preclinical and Clinical Drug Development of Chemopreventive Agents at the National Cancer Institute.- Dietary Inhibitors Against Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis.- Oxidants and Mitogenesis as Causes of Mutation and Cancer:The Influence of Diet.- The Growth ofPreneoplastic Lesions by 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine in Rat Colon Is Inhibited by Dietary Starch.- Prevention of Genotoxic Effects by Dietary Constituents in Various Organs of Mice Treated with Nitrosamines.- Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation in an Elderly Population.- Spontaneous Mutations and Fidelogens.- List of Participants.