This volume comprises a selection of original contributions presented at a workshop held in Montpellier, France, in June 1997. The two main objectives of the workshop were, firstly, to bring together what is understood about the processes underlying agroforestry practice, and, secondly, to provide a forum to explore relevant models and modelling approaches. The workshop was also able to play a role in examining the agroforestry systems encountered in temperate and Mediterranean areas, including both traditional and more innovative agroforestry practices. The main aspects discussed were: ecological interactions amongst components, environmental impact, economics and policy modelling.

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A review of belowground interactions in agroforestry, focussing on mechanisms and management options.- Adequate design of control treatments in long term agroforestry experiments with multiple objectives.- Nutrient cycling in an agroforestry system with runoff irrigation in Northern Kenya.- Growth and nitrogen status of young walnuts as affected by intercropped legumes in a Mediterranean climate.- Testing the safety-net role of hedgerow tree roots by 15N placement at different soil depths.- Temperature and water-use efficiency by lucerne (Medicago sativa) sheltered by a tree windbreak in Tunisia.- Developing a canopy closure model to predict overstorey/understorey relationships in Pinus radiata silvopastoral systems.- A simplified description of the three-dimensional structure of agroforestry trees for use with a radiative transfer model.- Competition for light, water and nitrogen in an association of hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and cocksfoot (Dactylisglomerata L.).- Growth of widely spaced trees. A case study from young agroforestry plantations in France.- Diameter and height growth curves for widely-spaced trees in European agroforestry.- A model of tree-crop competition for windbreak systems in the Sahel: description and evaluation.- Analysis for dry and wet years with the WIMISA model of tree-crop competition for windbreak systems in the Sahel.- WaNuLCAS, a model of water, nutrient and light capture in agroforestry systems.- Incorporating agroforestry practices in the management of walnut plantations in Dauphiné, France: an analysis of farmers' motivations.- Simulating integration of agroforestry into livestock farmers' projects in France.