As is now generally accepted mankind's burning of fossil fuels has resulted in the mass transfer of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, a modification of the delicately-balanced global carbon cycle, and a measurable change in world-wide temperatures and climate. Although not the most powerful greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO) drives climate 2 change due to the enormous volumes of this gas pumped into the atmosphere every day. Produced in almost equal parts by the transportation, industrial and energy-generating sectors, atmospheric CO concentrations have 2 increased by about 50% over the last 300 years, and according to some sources are predicted to increase by up to 200% over pre-industrial levels during the next 100 years. If we are to reverse this trend, in order to prevent significant environmental change in the future, action must be taken immediately. While reduced use of fossil fuels (through conservation, increased efficiency and expanded use of renewable energy sources) must be our ultimate goal, short to medium term solutions are needed which can make an impact today. Various types of CO storage techniques have been proposed to fill this 2 need, with the injection of this gas into deep geological reservoirs being one of the most promising. For example this approach has the potential to become a closed loop system, whereby underground energy resources are brought to surface, their energy extracted (via burning or hydrogen extraction), and the resulting by-products returned to the subsurface.

Broad treatment of the problem, from pollution source to disposal State-of-the-art overview of CO2 natural analogue sites, their evolution and their use for testing innovative monitoring technologies Up-to-date examples of active, industrial-scale applications of CO2 geological sequestration Innovative topics treated, such as clathrate formation and geological storage in permafrost terrains

Klappentext

As is now generally accepted mankind s burning of fossil fuels has resulted in the mass transfer of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, a modification of the delicately-balanced global carbon cycle, and a measurable change in world-wide temperatures and climate. Although not the most powerful greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO) drives climate 2 change due to the enormous volumes of this gas pumped into the atmosphere every day. Produced in almost equal parts by the transportation, industrial and energy-generating sectors, atmospheric CO concentrations have 2 increased by about 50% over the last 300 years, and according to some sources are predicted to increase by up to 200% over pre-industrial levels during the next 100 years. If we are to reverse this trend, in order to prevent significant environmental change in the future, action must be taken immediately. While reduced use of fossil fuels (through conservation, increased efficiency and expanded use of renewable energy sources) must be our ultimate goal, short to medium term solutions are needed which can make an impact today. Various types of CO storage techniques have been proposed to fill this 2 need, with the injection of this gas into deep geological reservoirs being one of the most promising. For example this approach has the potential to become a closed loop system, whereby underground energy resources are brought to surface, their energy extracted (via burning or hydrogen extraction), and the resulting by-products returned to the subsurface.

Inhalt
ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE.- STUDY OF LONG-TERM VARIATIONS OF CO2 AND CO CONCENTRATIONS IN THE GROUND ATMOSPHERIC LAYER NEAR THE CITY OF TOMSK (WESTERN SIBERIA).- DYNAMICS OF THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CO2 AND CO CONCENTRATIONS OVER WESTERN SIBERIA (1997-2003).- CARBON BALANCE AND THE EMISSION OF GREENHOUSE GASES IN BOREAL FORESTS AND BOGS OF SIBERIA.- THE INTERACTION OF CO2 BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE AND SURFACE WATERS OF LAKE BAIKAL AND THE INFLUENCE OF WATER COMPOSITION.- REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON OXIDE EMISSIONS.- THE SOURCES OF CARCINOGENIC PAH EMISSION IN ALUMINIUM PRODUCTION USING SODERBERG CELLS.- Storage.- DISTRIBUTION OF PERMAFROST IN RUSSIA.- CHARACTERISTICS OF PERMAFROST IN SIBERIA.- POSSIBILITIES OF SO2 STORAGE IN GEOLOGICAL STRATA OF PERMAFROST TERRAIN.- CRYOGELS A PROMISING MATERIAL FOR UNDERGROUND WORKS IN PERMAFROST.- SUBSURFACE CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE THROUGH CLATHRATE HYDRATE FORMATION.- Storage.- WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM NATURAL ANALOGUES?.- NEAR-SURFACE GAS GEOCHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS AND MONITOR CO2 GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION SITES.- GEOCHEMICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CO2, PORE-WATERS AND RESERVOIR ROCKS.- STUDY OF NATURAL CO2 EMISSIONS IN DIFFERENT ITALIAN GEOLOGICAL SCENARIOS.- NATURAL LEAKAGE OF HELIUM FROM ITALIAN SEDIMENTARY BASINS OF THE ADRIATIC STRUCTURAL MARGIN.- TECTONICALLY CONTROLLED METHANE ESCAPE IN LAKE BAIKAL.- Injection Sites.- THE IEA WEYBURN CO2 MONITORING AND STORAGE PROJECT.- ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-TERM FATE OF CO2 INJECTED INTO THE WEYBURN FIELD.- STRONTIUM ISOTOPE (87SR/86SR) CHEMISTRY IN PRODUCED OIL FIELD WATERS: THE IEA CO2 MONITORING AND STORAGE PROJECT.- OPTIMIZATION OF CO2 INJECTION FOR SEQUESTRATION / ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY AND CURRENT STATUS IN CANADA.-THE USE OF CO2 AND COMBUSTION GASES FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY IN RUSSIA.- CONTROLS OF CO2 FILTRATION IN HETEROGENEOUS RESERVOIRS WITH FOAMEMULSION SYSTEMS.- STATE OF CO2 CAPTURE AND SUBSURFACE STORAGE ACTIVITIES IN GERMANY.- GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING OF THE CO2 PLUME AT SLEIPNER, NORTH SEA.- 4-D SEISMICS, GAS-HYDRATE DETECTION AND OVERPRESSURE PREDICTION AS A COMBINED METHODOLOGY FOR APPLICATION TO CO2 SEQUESTRATION.- The Way Forward.- THE ROLE OF FOSSIL FUELS IN THE 21ST CENTURY.- STAKEHOLDER ACCEPTANCE AND UNDERSTANDING OF CO2 GEOLOGICAL STORAGE.- CO2GEONET AN EC-FUNDED NETWORK OF EXCELLENCE TO STUDY THE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF CO2.