One cannot overemphasize the importance of studying fluids in motion or at rest for a variety of scientific and engineering endeavors. Fluid mechanics as an art reaches back into antiquity, but its rational formulation is a relatively recent undertaking. Much of the physics of a particular flow situation can be understood by conducting appropriate experiments. Flow visualization techniques offer a useful tool to establish an overall picture of a flow field and to delineate broadly its salient features before embarking on more detailed quantitative measurements. Among the single-point measurements that are particularly difficult are those in separated flows, non-Newtonian fluids, rotating flows, and nuclear aerosols. Pressure, shear stress, vorticity, and heat transfer coefficient are also difficult quantities to measure, particularly for time-dependent flows. These and other special situations are among the topics covered in this volume. Each article emphasizes the development of a particular measuring technique. The topics covered were chosen because of their importance to the field, recent appeal, and potential for future development. The articles are comprehensive and coverage is pedagogical with a bias towards recent developments.

Inhalt

1. Air Flow Visualization Using Titanium Tetrachloride.- 2. Three-Dimensional Quantitative Flow Diagnostics.- 3. Particle Tracing: Revisited.- 4. Particle Image Velocimetry.- 5. Dynamic Wall Pressure Measurements.- 6. The Measurement of Wall Shear Stress.- 7. The Measurement of Vorticity in Transitional and Fully Developed Turbulent Flows.- 8. Time-Resolved Heat Transfer and Skin Friction 323 Measurements in Unsteady Flow.- 9. Scanning Laser Anemometry and Other Measurement 357 Techniques for Separated Flows.- 10. Measurement Techniques in Laboratory Rotating Flows.- 11. Experiments in Drag-Reducing Polymer Flows.- 12. Nuclear Aerosol Measurement Techniques.