The VIIIth International Congress of the International Primatological Society was held from 7 through 12 July 1980 in Florence, Italy, under the auspices of the host institution, the Istituto di Antropologia of the University of Florence. More than 300 papers and abstracts were pre sented either at the main Congress or in 14 pre-Congress symposia the week earlier (so scheduled to avoid conflicting with either the main invited lectures or the contributed paper sessions). The texts of these main lectures, plus reports from the organizers on results of the pre-Congress symposia, form this volume. The main lec turers were invited to provide comprehensive coverage of the latest devel opments in major subfie1ds of Primatology, by the leading researchers in those areas. In this way it was planned that the Congress would pro vide up-to-date reviews of recent progress, and prospects for future progress, that a biennial International Congress should include as one of its primary functions. The organizers of individual pre-Congress symposia interspersed their summaries among the main lectures, providing the basic details of exist ing theories, new data, and whatever consensus could be reached con cerning their particular topic. In keeping with what is probably the most urgent theme of these congresses, we included in this primary volume some extra material in the area-of primate conservation to augment the main lecturer's treatment. We acknowledge all the personnel of the Institute of Anthropology, Florence, and all other volunteers for their assistance.

Inhalt
A Main Lectures.- Inaugural Address, Congress of Primatology, Florence.- Recent Advances in Molecular Evolution of the Primates.- Immunogenetic Evolution of Primates.- The Evolution of Human Skin.- The Importance of Theory for Reconstructing the Evolution of Language and Intelligence in Hominids.- Primatology and Sociobiology.- Dominance and Subordination: Concepts or Physiological States?.- Sexual Behavior in Aging Male Rhesus Monkeys.- Simian-type Blood Groups of Hamadryas Baboons. Population Study of Captivity-born Animals at the Sukhumi Primate Center Preliminary Report.- Rhesus Macaques: Pertinence for Studies on the Toxicity of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Environmental Pollutants.- The Role of a Kenyan Primate Center in Conservation.- Further Declines in Rhesus Populations of India.- Taiwan Macaques: Ecology and Conservation Needs.- Prospects for a Self-sustaining Captive Chimpanzee. Breeding Program.- B Symposium Reports.- Miocene Hominoids and New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry.- Infanticide in Langur Monkeys (Genus Presbytis): Recent Research and a Review of Hypotheses.- Recent Advances in the Study of Tool-Use by Nonhuman Primates.- Primate Communication in the 1980s: Summary of the Satellite Symposium on Primate Communication.- Primate Locomotor Systems: Summary of Results of the Pre-Congress Symposium in Pisa.- Results of the Pre-Congress Symposium on Methods and Concepts in Primate Brain Evolution.- The Effects of Drugs and Hormones on Social Behavior in Nonhuman Primates.- Report on Symposium Entitled: Comparative Biology of Primate Semen.- Chromosome Banding and Primate Phylogeny. Inaugural Address.- Comparative Psychology Symposium: Introduction.- The Present and Future Status of Comparative Psychology: Proceedings of theCorigliano Calabro Symposium.