This book constitutes the proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Algorithms and Computation, WALCOM 2016, held in Kathmandu, Nepal, in March 2016. The 27 full papers presented together with 4 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 68 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics such as approximation algorithms, computational complexity, computational geometry, data structures, graph algorithms, graph coloring, graph exploration, and online algorithms.