How should we think about the meaning of the words that make up our language? How does reference of these terms work, and what is their referent when these are connected to abstract objects rather than to concrete ones? Can logic help to address these questions? This collection of papers aims to unify the questions of syntax and semantics of language, which span across the fields of logic, philosophy and ontology of language. The leading motif of the presented selection is the differentiation between linguistic tokens (material, concrete objects) on the one hand and linguistic types (ideal, abstract objects) on the other. Through a promenade among articles that span over all of the Author's career, this book addresses the complex philosophical question of the ontology of language by following the crystalline conceptual tools offered by logic. At the core of Wybraniec-Skardowska's scholarship is the idea that language is an ontological being, characterized in compliance with the logicalconception of language proposed by Ajdukiewicz. The application throughout the book of tools of classical logic and set theory results fosters the emergence of a general formal logical theory of syntax, semantics and of the pragmatics of language, which takes into account the duality token-type in the understanding of linguistic expressions*.* Via a functional approach to language itself, logic appears as ontologically neutral with respect to existential assumptions relating to the nature of linguistic expressions and their extra-linguistic counterparts. The book is addressed to readers both at the graduate and undergraduate level, but also to a more general audience interested in getting a firmer grip on the interplay between reality and the language we use to describe and understand it.

Autorentext

Urszula Wybraniec-Skardowska, Ph.D., Habilitation, was for many years a full professor of logic at the University of Opole, recently a researcher affiliated at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw. Her interdisciplinary research interests include: formal logic, logic and philosophy of language, philosophy, logical theory of communication, formal linguistics, information sciences and mathematics. She was a visiting professor at several universities in the US and the Netherlands. She is also a member of many Polish and international scientific associations, included: The Association for Symbolic Logic (USA), The European Association for Logic, Language and Information (FoLLI), the Polish Association for Semiotic Studies, and the Polish Society of Universalism, the Polish Society of Philosophy, the Polish Society of Mathematics. She is the author about 150 publications. She is a recipient of many national awards.