This book provides an overview of air quality in urban environments in Europe, focusing on air pollutant emission sources and formation mechanisms, measurement and modeling strategies, and future perspectives. The emission sources described are biomass burning, vehicular traffic, industry and agriculture, but also African dust and long-range transport of pollutants across the European regions. The impact of these emission sources and processes on atmospheric particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen oxides and volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds is discussed and critical areas for particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide in Europe are identified. Finally, this volume presents future perspectives, mainly regarding upcoming air quality monitoring strategies, metrics of interest, such as submicron and nanoparticles, and indoor and outdoor exposure scenarios.

Inhalt

Part I: Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants and Their Sources

Critical Areas for Compliance with PM10 and NO2 Limit Values in Europe

C. Nagl, C. Ansorge, L. Moosmann, W. Spangl, H. Wiesenberger

The Evolution and Control of NOx Emissions from Road Transport in Europe

P. G. Boultera, J. Borken-Kleefeldb, L. Ntziachristos

Air Pollution by Ozone Across Europe

Richard G Derwent and Anne G Hjellbrekke

Persistent Organic Pollutants in the European Atmosphere

Barend L. van Drooge and Joan O. Grimalt

Wildfires as a Source of Aerosol Particles Transported to the Northern European Regions

Sanna Saarikoski and Risto Hillamo

Residential Wood Burning: a Major Source of Fine Particulate Matter in Alpine Valleys in Central Europe

Christoph Hueglin

Ammonia Emissions in Europe

Carsten Ambelas Skjøth and Ole Hertel

Road Traffic: a Major Source of Particulate Matter in Europe

Fulvio Amatoa, Martijn Schaapa, Cristina Recheb and Xavier Querol

Source Apportionment of Airborne Dust in Germany: Methods and Results

U. Quass, A.C. John, T.A.J. Kuhlbusch

Air Quality in Urban Environments in the Eastern Mediterranean

A.Karanasiou and N. Mihalopoulos

Anthropogenic and Natural Constituents in PM10 at Urban and Rural Sites in North-Western Europe: Concentrations, Chemical Composition and Sources

Ernie Weijers and Martijn Schaap

Particulate Matter and Exposure Modelling in Europe

A.I. Miranda; J. Valente; J. Ferreira; C. Borrego

Part II: Future Air Quality Monitoring Strategies and Research Directions

Air Pollution Monitoring Strategies and Technologies for Urban Areas

Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch, Ulrich Quass, Gary Fuller, Mar Viana, Klea Katsouyanni, Paul Quincey

Number Size Distributions of Submicron Particles in Europe

Ari Asmi

Indoor-Outdoor Relationships of Particle Number and Mass in European Cities

Gerard Hoek, Otto Hänninen, Josef Cyrys

Nanoparticles in European Cities and Associated Health Impacts

Prashant Kumara, Lidia Morawsk and Roy M. Harrison