This book presents a comprehensive survey in which internationally recognized experts discuss specific topics. The wide spectrum of experimental and clinical investigations include the pathophysiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Update 1989 represents the series' continuous effort to combine the most recent developments in one reference source for all those involved in cardiology, internal medicine, pediatrics, anesthesia, intensive care and emergency medicine.

Inhalt

Mediators in Multiple Organ Failure.- Sepsis and Multiple Organ Failure: Pathogenesis and Treatment.- TNF and Septic Shock.- Role of Neutrophils and Macrophages in Multiple Organ Failure.- Role of Neutrophils in Critically Ill Patients: Myeloperoxidase, a Specific Marker of Their Activation.- Acute Lung Injury: Role of Lipid Peroxidation.- The Role of the Contact System in the Pathophysiology of ARDS.- Acute Respiratory Failure.- Acute Respiratory Failure: Current Concepts.- Re-Evaluation of Starling Forces Balance and Lymphatic Clearance in the Lung.- Bedside Measurement of Extravascular Lung Water.- Serum Markers in Acute Lung Injury.- PGE1 for Prevention and Treatment of ARDS After Surgery.- Sudden Asphyxia in Asthma.- Salt and Water Disorders in Mechanically-Ventilated and Critically Ill Neonates.- The Role of Infection in the Premature and Adult with Lung Injury.- Atypical Pneumonia in the ICU.- Septic Problems.- Pathogenesis of Gram-negative Bacterial Infections.- Plasma Fibronectin in Septic Critically Ill Patients.- Nosocomial Sinusitis in Intensive Care Patients.- Acquired Infections in the ICU: The Current Status of Selective Decontamination.- Device-Related Infections.- Judicious Use of Antibiotics in Critically Ill Patients.- O2-Metabolism.- Continuous Measurement of Pulmonary Gas Exchange During Mechanical Ventilation.- Monitoring of Energy Expenditure.- Cellular Response to Hypoxia.- Skeletal Muscle PO2 Assessment in Shock.- Optimal Levels Oxygen Transport in Critically Ill Patients.- Effects of Transfusion on Systemic Oxygen Uptake.- Hematological and Rheological Aspects of Oxygen Transport: The Optimal Hematocrit.- Metabolic Problems.- Nutritional-Metabolic Interactions During Total Parenteral Nutrition in Sepsis.- Energy Metabolism Following Head Injury.- Protein Metabolism in the Catabolic Patient.- Nutritional Support in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure Undergoing Artificial Ventilation.- Hyperosmolal States.- Treatment of Symptomatic Hyponatremia and Permanent Brain Lesions.- Acute Circulatory Failure.- Objectives for the Treatment of the Microcirculation in Ischemia, Shock, and Reperfusion.- Alterations in Vascular Reactivity in Sepsis and Endotoxemia.- Anaphylactic Shock: Pathophysiology and Implications for Treatment.- Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Septic Shock.- Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis in Low Flow States: Should We Administer Bicarbonate?.- Acute Renal Failure.- Renal Failure in the Neonate.- Hemofiltration.- Renal Function in Septic Shock.- Gastro-intestinal and Liver Failure.- Current Status of Stress Ulceration Prophylaxis.- Hepatic Dysfunction in Shock.- Acute Liver Failure: An Overview.- Fulminant and Subacute Hepatic Failure: The Place of Liver Transplantation.- Fluid and Blood Administration.- Rationale and Guidelines of Fluid Resuscitation in Extensive Burns.- Autotransfusion: A Safe Alternative.- Blood Component Therapy in the Critically Ill.- Component Dilution During Fluid Resuscitation Without Calculator, Computer, or Nomogram.- Emergency Medicine.- Transport of Severely Injured Patients.- Prehospital Care: A Search for Indication?.- Anesthesia for Trauma.- Near-drowning.- Acute Intoxication by Ethylene-Glycol and Methanol.- Neurologic Crisis.- Analysis of the ICP Waveform: Current Status.- Non-traumatic Cerebral Insult in Children: Intensive Care Aspects.- Significance and Management of Intracranial Hypertension After Head Injury.- Cardiovascular Crisis.- The Role of Coronary Vasomotor Tone in Chronic and Acute Ischemic Syndromes.- Prevention of Sudden Death Following Myocardial Infarction.- Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Critically Ill: Fact, Fancy, and Perspectives.- The Place of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Acute Circulatory Failure.- Hemodynamics During and After Cardiac Arrest.- Cardiovascular Monitoring.- Assessment of Cardiovascular Function by Pressure Waveform Analysis.- Invasive and Noninvasive Monitoring of Physiologic Patterns of High Risk Surgical Patients.- Cardiac Surgery.- Cardiac Risk in Surgical Patients: Assessment and Reduction.- Management of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Cardiac Surgery.- Sedation in Intensive Care.- Sedation During Intensive Care: Overview of the Problem.- Pharmacokinetics of Benzodiazepines Used for ICU Sedation.- Pediatric Intensive Care.- Physiologic Regulation of the Perinatal Pulmonary Circulation.- Central Airway Obstruction in Children.- Clinical Use of High-frequency Ventilation in Infants.- Perinatal Manipulation of Renal Function.