University-industry interaction combines several layers of actors, states and effects. People make choices, based on their individual characteristics, at different stages of a scientific career, in a highly internationalised profession. Tensions arise when university administrators and managers need to strike a balance among different promotion instruments, or when the university or public research organisation tries to solve the trade-offs between long- and short-term relationships, or among new management practices. Impacts are related to scientific agendas, the economic returns for firms or the societal benefits. This book adopts a people-tension-impact approach to identify key insights, by combining qualitative and quantitative research, established and novel methodologies, and different geographic settings. The chapters in this volume provide new perspectives on university-industry interactions related to gender biases, entrepreneurial involvement of PhD students and therole of international mobility. They also focus on how the positive impacts of university-industry interactions coexist with unresolved tensions linked to policy combinations, long-term contractual relationships, management practices and organisational strategies. Chapters 4 and 6 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Autorentext
**Joaquín M. Azagra-Caro is tenured scientist at INGENIO (CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València). He develops research in science, technology and innovation studies. His topics are university-industry interaction, academic patenting, knowledge diffusion, the psychology of researchers and the relationships between art and knowledge transfer.
David Barberá-Tomás **is Associate Professor in the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain), associated to INGENIO (CSIC-UPV). His academic research studies different areas of innovation, such as medical innovation, innovation policy, innovation in creative sectors, or innovation and social entrepreneurship.

Pablo D'Este is a Senior Research Fellow at INGENIO (CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València). He conducts research in the field of innovation studies covering topics such as university-business interactions and their impact on academic and business performance, academic entrepreneurship, knowledge networks and innovation, and medical innovation.

Inhalt
1. Introduction: People, tensions and impact in university interactions.- 2. PhDs with industry partners assessing collaboration and topic distribution using a text mining methodology.- 3. The heterogeneous impact of academic patent characteristics on firms' economic performance.- 4. Rethinking the role of productive interactions in explaining SSH research societal impacts: towards a conceptual framework for productive science system dynamics.- 5. The policy mix to promote university-industry knowledge transfer: a conceptual framework.- 6. Determinants of contract renewals in universityindustry contract research: going my way, or good Sam?-7. The relationship between university management practices and the growth of academic spin-offs.- 8.Public research organizations and technology transfer: flexibility, spatial organization and specialization of research units.- 9. Every woman is a vessel: an exploratory study on gender and academic entrepreneurship in a nascent technology transfer system.- 10. The effects of the academic environment on PhD entrepreneurship: new insights from survey data.-11. International academic mobility and entrepreneurial opportunity identification: a resource-based view.