The polycrystalline and nanocrystalline states play an increasingly important role in exploiting the properties of materials, encompassing applications as diverse as pharmaceuticals, catalysts, solar cells and energy storage. A knowledge of the three-dimensional atomic and molecular structure of materials is essential for understanding and controlling their properties, yet traditional single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods lose their power when only polycrystalline and nanocrystalline samples are available. It is here that powder diffraction and single-crystal electron diffraction techniques take over, substantially extending the range of applicability of the crystallographic principles of structure determination.

This volume, a collection of teaching contributions presented at the Crystallographic Course in Erice in 2011, clearly describes the fundamentals and the state-of-the-art of powder diffraction and electron diffraction methods in materials characterisation, encompassing a diverse range of disciplines and materials stretching from archeometry to zeolites. As such, it is a comprehensive and valuable resource for those wishing to gain an understanding of the broad applicability of these two rapidly developing fields.

Inhalt

Preface.- Part 1 - Powder Diffraction.- Powder Diffraction: By Decades; W.I.F. David.- Rietveld Refinement; P. W.Stephens.- Structure Solution - an Overview; L. B. McCusker, Ch. Baerlocher.- Inorganic Materials; R. Cerný.- Organic Compounds; K. Shankland.- Laboratory X-ray Diffraction; P. Whitfield.- Synchrotron X-Ray Powder Diffraction; F. Gozzo.- Ultra Fast Powder Diffraction; A. Fitch, C. Curfs.- Taking it to Extremes - Powder Diffraction at Elevated Pressures; D. I. A. Millar, C. R. Pulham.-Structure Solution by Charge Flipping; L. Palatinus.- Structure Solution: Global Optimisation Methods; K. Shankland.- Proteins and Powders: Technical Developments; J. P. Wright.- Proteins and Powders: An Overview; I. Margiolaki.- Parametric Powder Diffraction; W.I.F. David.- Powder Diffraction + Computational Methods; L. Smrcok.- Information on Imperfections; M. Leoni.- Pair Distribution Function Technique: Principles and Methods; S. J. L. Billinge.- Debye Analysis; Y. G. Andreev.- Quantitative Phase Analysis; I. C. Madsen et al.- Quantifying amorphous phases; A. Kern et al.- Quantitative phase analysis: method developments; L. Lutterotti.- Texture - an Overview; R.B. Von Dreele.- The future of powder diffraction is 2-D; R. Dinnebier.- Part 2 - Electron crystallography.- Electron Crystallography - New methods to explore Structure and Properties of the Nano World; U. Kolb.- Image formation in the Electron Microscope; L.Meshi.- Models for Precession Electron Diffraction; L. D. Marks.- Structure Solution using HRTEM; S. Hovmöller.- Combination of X-ray Powder Diffraction, Electron Diffraction and HRTEM data; Ch. Baerlocher, L. B. McCusker.- Automated Electron Diffraction Tomography; U. Kolb.- Automated Quantitative 3D Electron Diffraction Rotation Tomography; P. Oleynikov.- Introduction to ADT/ADT3D; T. E. Gorelik et al.- Electrostatic Potential determined from Electron Diffraction Data; A. Avilov.- Domino Phase Retrieval Algorithm for Structure Solution; F. N. Chukhovskii.- LARBED: Exploring the 4th dimension in Electron Diffraction; Ch. T. Koch.- Shadow Imaging for Charge Distribution Analysis; Y. Zhu.- Electron Diffraction of Protein 3D Nanocrystals; J. P. Abrahams et al.- Parallel-beam Diffraction and Direct Imaging in an aberration-corrected STEM; O. L. Krivanek.-Electron diffraction of commensurately and incommensurately modulated Materials; J. Hadermann, A. M. Abakumov.- Detection of Magnetic Circular Dichroism using TEM and EELS; S. Rubino et al.- Index.-