Quantum computers can (in theory) solve certain problems far faster than a classical computer running any known classical algorithm. While existing technologies for building quantum computers are in their infancy, it is not too early to consider their scalability and reliability in the context of the design of large-scale quantum computers. To architect such systems, one must understand what it takes to design and model a balanced, fault-tolerant quantum computer architecture. The goal of this lecture is to provide architectural abstractions for the design of a quantum computer and to explore the systems-level challenges in achieving scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation. In this lecture, we provide an engineering-oriented introduction to quantum computation with an overview of the theory behind key quantum algorithms. Next, we look at architectural case studies based upon experimental data and future projections for quantum computation implemented using trapped ions. While we focus here on architectures targeted for realization using trapped ions, the techniques for quantum computer architecture design, quantum fault-tolerance, and compilation described in this lecture are applicable to many other physical technologies that may be viable candidates for building a large-scale quantum computing system. We also discuss general issues involved with programming a quantum computer as well as a discussion of work on quantum architectures based on quantum teleportation. Finally, we consider some of the open issues remaining in the design of quantum computers. Table of Contents: Introduction / Basic Elements for Quantum Computation / Key Quantum Algorithms / Building Reliable and Scalable Quantum Architectures / Simulation of Quantum Computation / Architectural Elements / Case Study: The Quantum Logic Array Architecture / Programming the Quantum Architecture / Using the QLA for Quantum Simulation: The Transverse Ising Model / Teleportation-Based Quantum Architectures / Concluding Remarks

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Tzvetan S. Metodi is a senior member of the technical staff at the Computer Systems Research Department at the Aerospace Corporation. Tzvetan received his Bachelors degree in physics from the University of California at Davis and PhD in Computer Science also from UC Davis. Tzvetan's current effort in quantum computing focuses on the development of balanced architectural models of organization and specialization for emerging quantum computing technologies, incorporating quantum fault-tolerance and analysis using modern compilation techniques. His other research interests include the design of hardware-based secure partitioning techniques for general-purpose processors running multi-level security flight software systems employed on modern spacecraft. science at the University of California at Santa Barbara. Prof. Chong also leads the computer architecture and circuits areas in both the ORAQL and NGQCS projects under the IARPA Quantum Computer Science program. Prof. Chong also co-foundedthe Quantum Architecture Research Center (QARC) in 2001, which received the 2002 DARPATech most significant technical achievement award. Prof. Chong received his BS in 1990, MS in 1992, and PhD in 1996, all from MIT. He was an assistant professor at UC Davis from 1996-2001, was an associate professor at UC Davis from 2001-2005, and has been a professor at UCSB from 2005-present. Dr. Chong's research interests include quantum computing architectures, nanoscale electronics, embedded processing, computer security, and sustainable computing. Prof. Chong was a UC Davis Chancellor's Fellow (2002-2007) and received an NSF CAREER Award (1998-2002).