Operations Research emerged as a quantitative approach to problem-solving in World War II. Its founders, who were physicists, mathematicians, and engineers, quickly found peace-time uses for this new field. Moreover, we can say that Operations Research (OR) was born in the same incubator as computer science, and through the years, it has spawned many new disciplines, including systems engineering, health care management, and transportation science. Fundamentally, Operations Research crosses discipline domains to seek solutions on a range of problems and benefits diverse disciplines from finance to bioengineering. Many disciplines routinely use OR methods. Many scientific researchers, engineers, and others will find the methodological presentations in this book useful and helpful in their problem-solving efforts. OR's strengths are modeling, analysis, and algorithm design. It provides a quantitative foundation for a broad spectrum of problems, from economics to medicine, from environmental control to sports, from e-commerce to computational geometry.

The primary purpose of TUTORIALS ON EMERGING METHODOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH is to provide a reference for practitioners and academics who seek a clear, concise presentation of developing methodologies, hence providing themselves with the capability to apply these methods to new problems. The field of Operations Research is always changing. Its changes are driven by the technology it uses and that it extends, and the applications that it affects. Relevant changes in the field have a permanent effect on the conduct of OR and are vital to anyone who wants to be current in the field.

Each chapter presents a new developing methodology in Operations Research. Each chapter examines each topic with clarity and depth, and organizes the examination around the following questions: (1) What the developing methodology basically is about? (2) Why is it important? and (3)Where can I learn more?

Zusammenfassung
This volume reflects the theme of the INFORMS 2004 Meeting in Denver: Back to OR Roots. Emerging as a quantitative approach to problem-solving in World War II, our founders were physicists, mathematicians, and engineers who quickly found peace-time uses. It is fair to say that Operations Research (OR) was born in the same incubator as computer science, and it has spawned many new disciplines, such as systems engineering, health care management, and transportation science. Although people from many disciplines routinely use OR methods, many scientific researchers, engineers, and others do not understand basic OR tools and how they can help them. Disciplines ranging from finance to bioengineering are the beneficiaries of what we do we take an interdisciplinary approach to problem-solving. Our strengths are modeling, analysis, and algorithm design. We provide a quanti- tive foundation for a broad spectrum of problems, from economics to medicine, from environmental control to sports, from e-commerce to computational - ometry. We are both producers and consumers because the mainstream of OR is in the interfaces. As part of this effort to recognize and extend OR roots in future probl- solving, we organized a set of tutorials designed for people who heard of the topic and want to decide whether to learn it. The 90 minutes was spent addre- ing the questions: What is this about, in a nutshell? Why is it important? Where can I learn more? In total, we had 14 tutorials, and eight of them are published here.

Inhalt
Heuristic Search for Network Design.- Polyhedral Combinatorics.- Constraint Languages for Combinatorial Optimization.- A Tutorial on Radiation Oncology and Optimization.- Parallel Algorithm Design for Branch and Bound.- Computer-Aided Design for Electrical and Computer engineering.- Nonlinear Programming and Engineering Applications.- Connecting MRP, MRP II and ERP Supply Chain Production Planning Via Optimization Models.