The most recent developments in diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Gliomas (Glioblastoma) in the brain are presented. The importance of personalized medicine and clinical validation for targeted therapy are discussed. The identification of various types of biomarkers is included. The identification and validation of brain cancer (glioblastoma) genes are discussed. Role of cancer stem cells in the initiation, progression, and persistence of malignant gliomas is explained. The use of surgical resection, chemotherapy (e.g., temozolomide), immunotherapy, and radiotherapy for malignant glioblastoma are pointed out. Standard (established) as well as newer imaging modalities (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) are discussed.

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Introduction. 1. introduction. 2. molecular classification of gliomas. i.biomarkers and diagnosis. 3. glioblastoma: endosialin marker for pericytes. 4. glioma grading using cerebral blood volume heterogeneity. 5. the role of ectonucleotidases in glioma cell proliferation. 6. gliomas: role of monoamine oxidase b in diagnosis. 7. glioma: role of integrin in pathogenesis and therapy. 8. proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in intracranial gliomas. 9. infiltration zone in glioma: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. 10. malignant gliomas: role of e2f1 trascription factor. 11. the role of glucose transporter-1 (glut-1) in malignant gliomas. 12. malignant gliomas: role of platelet-derived growth factor receptor a (pdgfra). 13. molecular methods for detection of tumor markers in glioblastoma. 14. role of mgmt in globlastoma. 15. glioblastomas: role of cxcl12 chemokine. 16. cell death signaling in glioblastoma multiforme: role of the bcl2l12 oncoprotein. 17. glioblastoma multiforme: role of polycomb group proteins. 18. glioblastoma multiforme: role of cell cycle-related kinase protein (method). ii.neural stem cells and cancer stem cells. 19. markers of stem cells in gliomas. 20. efficient derivation and propagation of glioblastoma stem-like cells under serum-free conditions using the cambrige protocol. 21. glioma cell lines: role of cancer stem cells. 22. glioblastoma cancer stem cells: response to epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors. iii.therapy. 23. low-and high-grade gliomas: extensive surgical resection. 24. brainstem gangliogliomas: total resection and close follow-up. 25. glioblastoma: temozolomide-based chemotherapy. 26. drug-resistant glioma: treatment with imatinib mesylate and chlorimipramine. 27. glioblastoma multiforme: molecular basis of resistance to erlotinib. 28. enhanced glioma chemosensitivity. 29. malignant glioma patients: anti-vascularendothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody, bevacizumab. 30. aggravating endoplasmic reticulum stress by combined application of bortezomib and celecoxib as a novel therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. 31. targeted therapy for malignant glimas. 32. glioblastomas: her1/egfr-targeted therapeutics.33. epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma multiforme. 34: role of acyl-coa symthetases in glioma cell survival and its therapeutic implication. 35. maglignant glioma patients: combined treatment with radiation and fotemustine. 36. malignant glioma immunotherapy: a peptide vaccince from bench to bedside. 37. malignant glioma: chemovirotherapy. 38. intracranial glioma: delivery of an oncolytic adenovirus. 39. use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (mrsi) in the treatment planning of gliomas. 40. malignant glima cells: role of trail-induced apoptosis. iv.prognosis. 41. long-term survivors of glioblastoma. 42. glioblastoma patients: p15 methylation as a prognostic factor.