This book reports new results in condensed matter physics for which topological methods and ideas are important. It considers, on the one hand, recently discovered systems such as carbon nanocrystals and, on the other hand, new topological methods used to describe more traditional systems such as the Fermi surfaces of normal metals, liquid crystals and quasicrystals. The authors of the book are renowned specialists in their fields and present the results of ongoing research, some of it obtained only very recently and not yet published in monograph form.

Autorentext

Michael Monastyrsky, professor of mathematics and theoretical physics at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics in Moscow/Russia, graduated the mathematical department of Moscow State University(1967). He authored numerous papers in various fields of mathematics and theoretical physics. He presented invited plenary talks on many conferences and was the visiting professor of many universities and institutes including IAS (Princeton), Harvard,Princeton and Yale Universities (USA),Cambridge and Oxford Universities (Great Britain), IHES and Universite de Paris (France).

Zusammenfassung
This volume is based on the talks and lectures given by the participants of the 3-month seminar program Topology in Condensed Matter, which was held in the MPIPKS Dresden, 8 May31 July 2002 under the scienti?c direction of Professors M. Kleman, S. Novikov, and myself. The aim of this program was to discuss recent applications of topology to several areas in condensed matter physics and related ?elds like biology. The last 30 years of the development of modern physics a?rmed two important ideas. The ?rst is the e?cient applications of topology in physics. One should mention applications in condensed matter, such as classi?cation of defects and textures in liquid crystals and super?uid liquids, the role of entangibility in polymer physics and DNA structures. The second tendency is also very prevalent. Some important discoveries in particle physics and condensed m- ter led to new and unpredictable questions in pure mathematics. We refer to the invention of monopoles and instantons in quantum ?eld theory, q- sicrystals ?uid membranes of high genus, fullerenes (C ,C , etc. ), and so on 60 90 in condensed matter. The number of such applications in the last years has increased substantially. The papers presented in this volume and the next one Topology in - ology re?ect the spectrum of topics discussed. Besides original papers, a mini-course in topology for physicists and biologists was organized. These lectures will be published in the second volume.

Inhalt
Topology in the Electron Theory of Metals.- Topology, Quasiperiodic Functions, and the Transport Phenomena.- The Role of Topology in Growth and Agglomeration.- Topological Defects in Carbon Nanocrystals.- Physics from Topology and Structures.- Phason Dynamics in Aperiodic Crystals.- Hamiltonian Monodromy as Lattice Defect.- Two-Qubit and Three-Qubit Geometry and Hopf Fibrations.- Defects, Surface Anchoring, and Three-Dimensional Director Fields in the Lamellar Structure of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals as Studied by Fluorescence Confocal Polarizing Microscopy.