This collection is the first proceedings volume of the lectures delivered within the framework of the Israel Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science, in its year of inauguration 1981-82. It thus marks the beginning of a new venture. Rather than attempting to express an ideology of the l}nity of science, this collection in fact aims at presenting a kaleidoscopic picture of the variety of views about science and within science. Three main disciplines come together in this volume. The first of scientists, the second of historians and sociologists of science, the third of philosophers interested in science. The scientists try to present the scientific body of knowledge in areas where the scientific adventure kindles the imagination of the culture of our time. At the same of course, they register their own reflections on the nature of this body time, of knowledge and on its likely course of future development. For the historians and sociologists, in contrast, science is there to be studied diachronically, as a process, on the one hand, and synchronically, as a social institution, on the other. As for the phil9sophers, finally, their contribution to this series is not meant to remain within the confines of what is usually seen as the philosophy of science proper, or to be limited to the analysis of the scientific mode of reasoning and thinking: it is allowed, indeed encouraged, to encompass alter­ native, and on occasion even competing, modes of thought.

Inhalt

On the Empirical Application of Mathematics and Some of its Philosophical Aspects.- On the Empirical Application of Mathematics: A Comment.- Meaning and Our Mental Life.- Meaning and Our Mental Life: A Comment.- The Persecution of Absolutes: On the Kantian and Neo-Kantian Theories of Science.- Origin and Spontaneity: A Comment.- Cognitive Illusions in Judgment and Choice.- The Past of an Illusion: A Comment.- Molecular Genetics and the Falsifiability of Evolution.- On Experimental Approaches and Evolution: A Comment.- Darwin's Principle of Divergence as Internal Dialogue.- On Darwin's Principle of Divergence: A Comment.- Molecular versus Biological Evolution and Programming.- Gamow's Theory of Alpha-Decay.- On Gamow's Theory of Alpha-Decay: A Comment.- The Group Construction of Scientific Knowledge: Gentlemen-Specialists and the Devonian Controversy.- On the Devonian Controversy: A Comment.- Knowledge and Power in the Sciences.- Knowledge and Power in the Sciences: A Comment.- Index of Names.