This book focuses on the displacement and convergence of transnational crimes in North Africa and in the area of the Mediterranean Sea, providing empirical analysis of human smuggling and of drug trafficking. It discusses the displacement of crime due to the exploitation of asymmetries in legislation, law enforcement, and other vulnerabilities.Using an innovative multimethodology, this volume describes the evolution of illicit flows related to human smuggling and trafficking of illicit goods. This approach helps to provide critical information such as traffickers' modi operandi, most exploited paths, and trafficked goods, that would not be achievable through more traditional methods. The Evolution of Illicit Flows will be a valuable resource for scholars and researchers of criminology and migration studies, as well as for policymakers and law enforcement working in transnational crimes and trafficking.

Autorentext

Ernesto U. Savona is Director of Transcrime, Professor of Criminology at the Università Cattolica, and Editor in Chief of the European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. He was also nominated President of the European Society of Criminology for the years 2003/2004. He has been consultant to the United Nations, Council of Europe (where he was appointed one of the seven members of the Scientific and Criminological Council in 1996), the European Union and various national governments. From 1990 to 1994, he was visiting fellow and project director at the National Institute of Justice, Research Centre of the U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington D.C, where he was manager of two projects on organized crime and international money laundering.

Rob T. Guerette is Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice in the Steven J. Green School for International & Public Affairs at Florida International University (FIU). He has published extensively in the areas of trans-national crime, program and policy evaluation, and crime pattern analysis for crime prevention. In addition to his work analyzing domestic crime patterns, his research has focused on human smuggling and kidnapping for ransom. He was a Fellow at the Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University and a U.S. Fulbright Specialist to Iceland in 2021. Alberto Aziani is Assistant Professor of Criminology at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan and Researcher at Transcrime. His main research interests are transnational crimes, organized crime, illicit markets, and illicit financial flows. On these topics, he has conducted studies and developed projects for international organizations and funding institutions. He cooperates with the UN and the EC in research projects related to illicit drug trafficking and money laundering.

Inhalt

PART I CONCEPTS, THEORIES, HISTORY, AND PERSPECTIVES

1. The Displacement and Convergence of Transnational Crime

2. Drug Trafficking; Latest Evolutions Interesting North Africa

3. Human Trafficking; Overview of the Convergence and Displacement in North Africa

4. An Historical Perspective on Trafficking in North Africa and the Mediterranean Sea

5. A Comparative Analysis of the Eastern and the Central Mediterranean Route for Human Smuggling
6. Differences and Similitudes Between Human Smuggling in North Africa and in Mexico/Central America

PART II TOPICAL ANALYSES IN CONVERGENCE AND DISPLACEMENT OF TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES

7. The Role of Violent Non-State Actors in Libya

8. Displacement of Human Smuggling in Response to Regulatory Changes: A Discontinuity Study

9. Convergence Between Human Smuggling and Transnational Crimes in the Mediterranean Area

10. Evolution of Drug Trafficking Networks Across the Mediterranean Sea: A Text Mining Approach

11. Can Anybody Control Migration Flows? Examining the Effects of the Italian 2017-2018 Policy Against Illegal Immigration

12. Convergence Between Wild Life Crime and Drug Trafficking/Human Smuggling PART III IMPLICATIONS, CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

13. A Different Country a Different Rule: Asymmetries in Law and Regulations on Transnational Crimes

14. Countering Transnational Crime: An Overview of the Most Impactful Strategies and Actions at the EU External Borders

15. Individual Perspectives on Crime Displacement and Convergence in North Africa
16. Future Directions in the Fight Against-and in the Study of-Transnational Crimes