Taurine 9 contains original articles and critical reviews based on the oral and poster presentations of XIX International Taurine Meeting held in Kraków, Poland in May 2014. The purpose of the book is to present current ideas, new avenues and research regarding biological functions and clinical applications of taurine and taurine derivatives. It focuses on all aspects of taurine research including the cardiovascular system, the immune system, diabetes, the central nervous system, endocrine system and the role of taurine supplements in nutrition. It also includes presentations of novel animal experimental models using Cdo1 and CSAD knock-out mice.

Inhalt
A novel cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase knock-out mouse: Comparison of Newborn and Weanling Mice.- A novel cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase knock-out mouse: Pathology of the kidney and lung in newborn pups.- Insights into taurine synthesis and function from the Cdo1 knockout mouse.- Oxidation of hypotaurine and cysteine sulfic acid by peroxidise-generated reactive species.- Increased N-acetyltaurine in serum and urine after endurance exercise in human.- Effects of taurine depletion on syncytiotrophoblast renewal and susceptibility to oxidative stress in human placenta.- In vitro analysis of taurine as anti-stress agent in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Preliminary study.- A Novel Cysteine Sulfinic Acid Decarboxylase Knock-out Mouse: Immune Function (I).- Taurine chloramine, the taurine metabolite from inflammatory neutrophils, inhibits osteoclast differentiation by linking NFATc1.- Impact of taurine on innate and adaptive immunity as the result of HOCl neutralization.- Taurine haloamines and biofilm: I. Antimicrobial activity of taurine bromamine and chlorhexidine against biofilm forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa.- Taurine haloamines and biofilm: II. Efficacy of taurine bromamine and chlorhexidine against selected microorganisms of oral biofilm.- Thiotaurine modulates human neutrophil activation.- Perinatal taurine exposure alters hematological and chemical properties of blood in adult male rats.- Effect of taurine on viability and proliferation of murine melanoma B16F10 cells.- Investigation of antioxidant and anticancer potential of taurine by means of multiple chemical and biological assays.- Effect of taurine on in vitro migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells.- Effect of taurine on prostate-specific antigen level and migration in human prostate cancer cells.- The quest for an animal model of diabetic nephropathy and the role of taurine deficiency.- Taurine can enhance the protective actions of metformin against diabetes-induced alterations adversely affecting renal function.- Evaluation of the actions of metformin and taurine, singly and in combination, on metabolic and oxidative alterations caused by diabetes in rat erythrocytes and plasma.- Taurine ameliorates hypercholesterolemia but not obesity in rats fed a lard-based, high-fat diet.- Impact of light ethanol intake and of taurine, separately and together on pathways of glucose metabolism in the kidney of diabetic rats.- Hypoglycemia is one possible mechanism of the combined toxicity of ethanol and taurine.- Role of taurine on the actions of alcohol against systemic and cardiac biochemical changes in the diabetic rat.- Long-term taurine supplementation leads to hyperglycemia and lower liver Akt phosphorylation in mice fed a high fat diet.- Taurine supplementation enhances insulin secretion without altering islet morphology in non-obese diabetic mice.- Taurine supplementation regulates pancreatic islet function in response to potentiating agents in leptin-deficient obese mice.- Effects of a high fat diet and taurine supplementation on metabolic parameters and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in rats.- Taurine and regulation of mitochondrial metabolism.- Open questions concerning taurine, with emphasis on the brain.- Taurine supplementation induces hyperinsulinemia and neuronal excitability.- Taurine recovers mice emotional learning and memory disruptions associated with Fragile X Syndrome in context fear and auditory cued-conditioning.- Contribution of Taurine Signatures in the Detached Cat Retina.- Effect of taurine on the secretion of reproductive hormone in female rats.- Taurine enhances proliferation and promotes neuronal specification of murine and human neural stem/progenitor cells.- Effects of chronic taurine administration on the gene and protein expression and the phosphorylation in rat hippocampus.- Potential anti-aging role of taurine via proper protein folding: A study from taurine transporter knockout mouse.- Analysis of taurine as modulator of neurotransmitter in C. elegans.- The changes by hypoxia inducible factor1-alpha (HIF1-alpha) on taurine uptake in brain capillary endothelial cells at high glucose conditions.- Thiotaurine protects mouse cerebellar granule neurons from potassium deprivation-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of caspase-3. Experimental study of taurine on the cerebral dehydrogenase activity in the model of unilateral cerebral ischemia.- Taurine Targets the GluN2B-Containing NMDA Receptor Subtype.- Experimental study of taurine antitoxic activity in the model of chronic adrenal intoxication.- Does taurine prolong lifespan by improving heart function?- Taurine depletion decreases GRP78 expression and downregulates PERK-dependent activation of the unfolded protein response.- The effect of taurine depletion on glucose metabolism in cardiac myocytes.- Taurine supplemen...